ophthalmologyОфтальмологияOphthalmology in Russia1816-50952500-0845Ophthalmology10.18008/1816-5095-2016-4-228-234ophthalmology-331Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSОбщие и офтальмологические проявления герпесвирусных инфекцийGeneral and Ophthalmic Manifestations of Herpes Virus InfectionsСдобниковаС. В.SdobnikovaS. V.

к.м.н., заведующая отделением сосудистой и витреоретинальной патологии

PhD, the Head of the Department of Vascular and vitreoretinal pathology

sdobnikova_sv@mail.ruТроицкаяН. А.ТroitskayaN. A.

младший научный сотрудник отделения сосудистой и витреоретинальной патологии

the Junior Researcher of the Department of Vascular and vitreoretinal pathology

tron200572@yandex.ruСурнинаЗ. В.SurninaZ. V.

к.м.н., научный сотрудник отделения сосудистой и витреоретинальной патологии

MD, the Researcher of the Department of Vascular and vitreoretinal pathology

medzoe@yandex.ruПатеюкЛ. С.PateyukL. S.

к.м.н., научный сотрудник отдела рефракционных нарушений

MD, the Researcher of the Department of Refractive disorders

sweethailtoyou@mail.ruФГБНУ «НИИ глазных болезней»РоссияResearch Institute of Eye DiseasesRussian Federation201621122016134228234Copyright © Сдобникова С.В., Троицкая Н.А., Сурнина З.В., Патеюк Л.С., 20162016Сдобникова С.В., Троицкая Н.А., Сурнина З.В., Патеюк Л.С.Sdobnikova S.V., Тroitskaya N.A., Surnina Z.V., Pateyuk L.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/331

РЕЗЮМЕ    Герпесвирусы представляют большую группу ДНК-содержащих вирусов, вызывающих разнообразные заболевания у человека. Стремительное развитие медицины и последние достижения в вирусологии позволили достоверно определить основополагающую роль герпесвирусных инфекций в этиопатогенезе целого ряда заболеваний. В настоящей статье приводятся сведения о восьми вирусах группы герпеса — вирусах простого герпеса 1 и 2 типов, Эпштейна-Барр,  цитомегаловирусе, розеоловирусах 6 и 7 типов и о герпесвирусе, ассоциированном с саркомой Капоши. Данный обзор посвящен основным вопросам эпидемиологии, вирусологии и клинической симптоматики заболеваний и патологических состояний, как общего, так и офтальмологического характера, вызываемых герпесвирусами или ассоциированных с ними. Почти все население в мире инфицировано вирусами этой группы. Первичное инфицирование человека большинством герпесвирусов происходит в детском или раннем взрослом возрасте. Герпесвирусные инфекциипоражают нейроны, эпителиальные или лимфоидные клетки и персистируют на протяжении всей жизни человека в латентной форме. Реакцивация вируса в организме человека может проявляться рядом заболеваний с разнообразной клинической картиной: от бессимптомного носительства до тяжелых  жизнеугрожающих состояний и смертельных заболеваний — особенно у  иммунокомпрометированных пациентов. В обзоре также приведены данные о герпесвирусных заболеваниях глаз — о переднем и заднем увеитах, а также об остром некрозе сетчатки, которые клинически могут проявляться различной  симптоматикой, что существенно осложняет диагностику этих состояний. На практике обнаружение вирусной ДНК в тканях и средах глаза посредством ПЦР-диагностики представляет трудновыполнимую задачу. Таким образом,  описанные в обзоре результаты последних исследований свидетельствуют о необходимости разработки новых подходов в диагностике и лечении пациентов с герпесвирусными заболеваниями.

Herpes viruses are a large group of DNA viruses causing a wide variety of diseases in humans. The exponential growth of medicine in general and advanced achievements of virology in particular authentically verified a wide spectrum of diseases in humans caused by or associated with herpesvirus infections. Eight types of herpes viruses particularly human simplex type 1 and 2, varicella-zoster, Epstein-Barr, cytomegalovirus, roseoloviruses type 6 and 7, and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus were described in the article. This overview highlights the main issues of worldwide epidemiology, basic virology and clinical manifestations of herpes virusesinduced diseases and associated conditions, including general and ophthalmic disorders. Their prevalence in the world accounts for the almost the entire population. The majority human herpes viruses are typically acquired in infancy or early adulthood as a primary disease, and infect neurons, lymphoid or epithelial cells to persist for life and establish a latent infection. Reactivated human herpes viruses may present different clinical pictures and induce a broad spectrum of illnesses ranging from asymptomatic carrier state to recurrent life-threatening conditions and fatal diseases, especially in immunocompromised patients. This review particularly highlights the description of the diseases affecting the eye: anterior and posterior herpes-associated uveitis and acute retinal necrosis. Clinically herpes viruses can manifest in a variety of eye symptoms and signs complicating the diagnosis. Viral DNA in the eye mediums and tissues detection by means of PCR seems to be a challenge for practitioners. Thus, the review of latest research and developments indicate the need for newer diagnostic and management approaches to counter the herpes virus infectious.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.