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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2017-1-12-17</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-348</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные аспекты лечения острых бактериальных послеоперационных эндофтальмитов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modern Aspects of the Treatment of Acute Bacterial Postoperative Endophthalmitis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казайкин</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazajkin</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., врач-офтальмохирург заведующий витреоретинальным отделением,</p><p>ул. Академика Бардина 4-А, Екатеринбург, 620149</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, surgeon, Head of Vitreoretinal Department,</p><p>Academician Bardin str., 4-A, Ekaterinburg, 620149</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пономарев</surname><given-names>В. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponomarev</surname><given-names>V. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-офтальмохирург,</p><p>ул. Академика Бардина 4-А, Екатеринбург, 620149</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Surgeon,</p><p>Academician Bardin str., 4-A, Ekaterinburg, 620149</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Ponomarev-mntk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тахчиди</surname><given-names>Х. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Takhchidi</surname><given-names>H. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., член корреспондент РАН, проректор по лечебной работе,</p><p>ул. Островитянова, 1, Москва, 117997</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, academician of Russian academy of science, Vice Rector for Academic Affairs,</p><p>Ostrovitianov str. 1, Moscow, 117997</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>АО Екатеринбургский центр МНТК «Микрохирургия глаза»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ekaterinburg IRTC Eye Microsurgery Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Казайкин В.Н., Пономарев В.О., Тахчиди Х.П., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Казайкин В.Н., Пономарев В.О., Тахчиди Х.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kazajkin V.N., Ponomarev V.O., Takhchidi H.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/348">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/348</self-uri><abstract><p>Острый бактериальный послеоперационный эндофтальмит является разрушительной внутриглазной инфекцией с тенденцией к увеличению заболеваемости и распространенности. Этому явлению способствует общемировой рост хирургической активности в совокупности с увеличением продолжительности жизни населения. На сегодняшний день частота встречаемости острого эндофтальмита варьирует от 0,039% до 0,59% в лучших мировых офтальмологических клиниках. Современные подходы к комплексному лечению острых бактериальных послеоперационных эндофтальмитов подробно описаны в исследованиях EVS 1995 и ESCRS 2013, где отражены два основных стандарта лечения: «золотой» и «серебряный». «Золотой стандарт» включает в себя проведение 3-портовой витрэктомии с посевом содержимого передней камеры и витреальной полости на микрофлору и интравитреальным введением антибиотиков на завершающем этапе операции в течение 1 часа после диагностирования острого эндофтальмита. Выполнение «Серебряного стандарта» приемлемо при отсутствии витреоретинальной операционной и подготовленного хирурга, т.е. в тех случаях, когда выполнение полноценного витреоретинального вмешательства не представляется возможным. В таких случаях хирургическое вмешательство ограничивается забором содержимого витреальной полости и передней камеры на посев микрофлоры с интравитреальным введением антибиотиков на завершающем этапе операции. На сегодняшний день перед хирургами стоит задача не только подавления инфекции и сохранения глаза как органа, но и максимально возможное сохранение зрительных функций. В обзоре литературы рассмотрены вопросы выбора антибиотиков, которые обладают достаточно широким спектром действия, минимальной резистентностью, приемлемыми темпами стерилизации и минимальной токсичностью. Обсуждаются вопросы фармакокинетики современных антибиотиков и факторы, оказывающие на нее влияние: молекулярная масса антибиотика, степень разжижения стекловидного тела, коэффициент растворимости препарата, степень воспаления глазного яблока, состояние иридохрусталиковой диафрагмы и витреальной полости (факия, афакия, артифакия, авитрия, силиконовая тампонада), плотность раствора с разведённым антибиотиком. Рассмотрены особенности и преимущества витреоретинального вмешательства. Проведен анализ выбора заместителей стекловидного тела, которые способны улучшать анатомические результаты лечения. Таким образом, в настоящее время продолжается поиск наиболее эффективного алгоритма лечения острого бактериального эндофтальмита.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Acute bacterial postoperative endophthalmitis (AE) is a destructive intraocular infection with a tendency to an increase of morbidity and prevalence. This phenomenon is contributed by worldwide increase of surgical activity together with an increase of life expectancy. Nowadays AE prevalence in the best ophthalmic clinics of the world varies from 0.039% to 0.59%. Modern approaches to complex treatment of acute bacterial postoperative endophthalmitis are described in details in EVS 1995 and ESCRS 2013 investigations where the two main standards — “gold” and “silver” — are reflected. “Gold standard” includes 3-port vitrectomy with bacterial seeding of anterior chamber and vitreous cavity content and intravitreal antibiotics injection at the final step of operation within 1 hour after diagnosing acute endophthalmitis. Use of “silver standard” is acceptable in absence of vitreoretinal operation room and trained surgeon, that is, in case if full vitreoretinal surgery is impossible. In such cases surgical intervention is limited by taking vitreous cavity and anterior chamber content for bacterial seeding with intravitreal antibiotics injection at the final step of operation. Nowadays surgeons have the task not only to suppress infection and preserve the eye as an organ, but also to preserve maximal possible visual functions. The review deals with the questions of antibiotics choice with sufficient antibacterial spectrum and minimal toxicity. Questions of modern antibiotics pharmacokinetics and influencing factors such as molecular mass of the antibiotic, the extent of vitreous liquefaction, solubility coefficient of the antibiotic, the extent of eyeball inflammation, status of iris-lens diaphragm and vitreous cavity (phakic, aphakic, pseudophakic, avitreal eye, silicone tamponade), density of antibiotic solution are being discussed. Features and advantages of vitreal surgery are considered. Choice of vitreous body substitutes which are capable to improve anatomic results of treatment is analyzed. Thus, search for most effective treatment algorithm for acute bacterial endophthalmitis is still going on.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эндофтальмит</kwd><kwd>интравитреальное введение антибиотика</kwd><kwd>витрэктомия</kwd><kwd>функциональный и анатомический результат</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>endophthalmitis</kwd><kwd>intravitreal antibiotic injection</kwd><kwd>vitrectomy</kwd><kwd>functional and anatomic result</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trends in aging — United States and Worldwide. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2003;52(6):101-4, 106.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trends in aging — United States and Worldwide. 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