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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2017-2-120-124</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-372</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЯ И ПРОГРЕССИРОВАНИЯ КАТАРАКТЫ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MODERN  POSSIBILITIES FOR PROPHYLAXIS OF CATARACT PROGRESSION</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полунина</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polunina</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полунина  Елизавета Геннадьевна — доктор медицинских  наук, доцент  кафедры  офтальмологии.</p><p>Ул. Гамалеи  15, Москва, 123098</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Poluninа Elizabet G. — MD, assistant professor.</p><p>Gamalei str. 15, Moscow, 123098</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lpolunina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Макаров Игорь Анатольевич — доктор медицинских  наук, старший научный сотрудник.</p><p>Ул. Габричевского, 5, корп. 2, Москва, 125367</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Makarov Igor А. — MD, Senior Research Officer.</p><p>Gabrichevskogo str.  5, Moscow, 125367</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркова</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Markova</surname><given-names>E. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маркова Елена Юрьевна — доктор медицинских  наук, заведующая отделом микрохирургии  глаза у детей МНТК «Микрохирургия глаза» им. академика Фёдорова  С. Н., профессор кафедры офтальмологии  РНИМУ им. Н.И.Пирогова.</p><p>Бескудниковский бульвар,  59А,  Москва, 127486</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Markova Elena Y. — MD, professor, head of the of microsurgery of the eye in children.</p><p>59A,  Beskudnikovsky  Blvd., Moscow 127486</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анджелова</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andzhelova</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анджелова  Диана Владимировна  — доктор медицинских  наук, старший  научный сотрудник.</p><p>Россолимо, д.11A,Б, 119021, Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andzhelova Diana V. — MD, Senior Research Officer.</p><p>11A,B,  Rossolimo St.,119021 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО «Институт повышения  квалификации Федерального медико-биологического агентства»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal institute  of the professional development</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ООО «Лечебно-оздоровительный центр № 10»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Medical treatment centre №10</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Межотраслевой научно-технический комплекс «Микрохирургия глаза»  имени академика С.Н. Федорова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal  State Institution</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ Научно-исследовательский институт глазных болезней</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute  of Eye Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>120</fpage><lpage>124</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Полунина Е.Г., Макаров И.А., Маркова Е.Ю., Анджелова Д.В., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Полунина Е.Г., Макаров И.А., Маркова Е.Ю., Анджелова Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Polunina E.G., Makarov I.A., Markova E.Y., Andzhelova D.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/372">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/372</self-uri><abstract><p>Катаракта — одно из наиболее распространенных заболеваний, особенно  в пожилом  возрасте. Несмотря  на то, что доля  пожилых людей в экономически развитых странах гораздо  больше, чем в развивающихся, заболеваемость у людей старше 50 лет в Западных  странах  составляет 15%, тогда  как  в экономически слаборазвитых странах  — 40%. Причинами такого  несоответствия  являются неправильное питание,  отсутствие  офтальмологической помощи на начальных стадиях  развития заболевания, воздействие неблагоприятных  условий окружающей  среды  и др.  По существу, единственным радикальным методом  лечения катаракты является хирургический. Однако далеко  не всегда  имеются  показания для проведения такого  лечения  с одной стороны, а с другой стороны,  не во всех случаях существует  возможность его проведения в связи  с неблагоприятным соматическим статусом пациента. В таких ситуациях необходимо использование поддерживающей антикатарактальной терапии на фоне динамического наблюдения.  Фармацевтическая  промышленность предлагает антикатарактальные препараты с различным  составом  и свойствами, исходя из механизмов возникновения и развития заболевания. Одним из основных факторов,  влияющих на  возникновение катаракты,  принято  считать  «окислительный  стресс», который  может  быть  причиной как  ядерной,   так  и кортикальной катаракты. При катаракте обнаружены  зоны рассеивания в зрелом  ядре  хрусталика,  увеличение  внеклеточных пространств между волнистыми  мембранными белковоподобными отложениями. Принято считать,  что основой этих отложений являются денатурированные, изначально водорастворимые белки,  которые  превращаются в непрозрачные субстанции за  счет действия   хиноидных продуктов,  образующихся  посредством нарушенного  метаболизма  ароматических аминокислот (триптофана, тирозина  и др.) На основе  этой теории разработана антикатарактальная субстанция  — пиреноксин, которая  ингибирует действие хиноидов и тем самым  предотвращает образование помутнений хрусталика и прогрессирование катаракты.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Cataract is one of the  most  common  diseases, especially in the  elderly. Despite  the  fact that  the  share of elderly people  in economically developed countries is higher than  in developing countries, the incidence  of cataract in people over 50 years  in Western countries is 15% and it is about  40%  in developing countries. The reasons are  unbalanced nutrition,  lack of specialized ophthalmic  care  at the initial stages of the disease, the impact of adverse environmental conditions,  etc.  Surgical treatment is the only curative method. However, there are  not always enough indications for this treatment on the one hand, and it is not always possible due to patient’s unfavorable physical status, on the other  hand.  The supportive anti-cataract therapy  should be provided with the dynamic follow-up in such  cases. The pharmaceutical industry offers anti-cataract drugs  with a different composition  and properties, they are  based on the  mechanisms of the  onset  and development of the  disease. “Oxidative stress” is one  of the  main factors, which can  be the  cause of both  nuclear  and  cortical  cataracts. There  are scattering zones in the mature nucleus  of the lens, an increase in extracellular  spaces between corrugated membrane protein-like deposits in case of cataract. It is generally believed that  the  basis  of these deposits are  denatured, initially water-soluble  proteins, which turn  into opaque  substances due to the action of quinoids products formed through  the disturbed metabolism of aromatic aminoacids (tryptophan, tyrosine,  etc.).  Based  on this theory, an anti-cataract substance — pirenoxine was developed.  It inhibits the action of quinoids and prevents the formation of the len’s opacities  and the cataracts progression.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>катаракта</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd><kwd>антикатарактальные препараты</kwd><kwd>хиноидные продукты</kwd><kwd>пиреноксин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>сataract</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd><kwd>anti-cataract drugs</kwd><kwd>quinoid products</kwd><kwd>pyrenoxin</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ohrloff C. 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