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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2017-2-125-129</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-373</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>АЛЛЕРГИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ ГЛАЗ  У ДЕТЕЙ. СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ  ВЗГЛЯД  НА ПАТОГЕНЕЗ И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ALLERGIC EYE DISEASES IN CHILDREN. MODERN  VIEW ON PATHOGENESIS AND TREATMENT</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркова</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Markova</surname><given-names>E. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маркова Елена Юрьевна — доктор медицинских  наук, заведующая отделом микрохирургии  глаза у детей МНТК «Микрохирургия глаза» им. академика Фёдорова  С. Н., профессор кафедры офтальмологии  РНИМУ им. Н.И.Пирогова.</p><p>Бескудниковский бульвар,  59А,  Москва, 127486</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Markova Elena Y. — MD, professor, head of the of microsurgery of the eye in children.</p><p>59A,  Beskudnikovsky  Blvd., Moscow 127486</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полунина</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polunina</surname><given-names>E. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Полунина  Елизавета Геннадьевна — доктор медицинских  наук, доцент  кафедры  офтальмологии.</p><p>Ул. Гамалеи  15, Москва, 123098</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Poluninа Elizabet G. — MD, assistant professor.</p><p>Gamalei str. 15, Moscow, 123098</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lpolunina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иойлева</surname><given-names>Е. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ioileva</surname><given-names>E. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иойлева Елена Эдуардовна — доктор медицинских наук, профессор.</p><p>Бескудниковский бульвар, 59А,  Москва, 127486</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ioileva Elen E. — MD, professor.</p><p>59A,  Beskudnikovsky  Blvd., Moscow 127486</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Межотраслевой научно-технический комплекс «Микрохирургия глаза»  имени академика С.Н. Федорова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal  State Institution</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ДПО «Институт повышения  квалификации Федерального медико-биологического агентства»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal institute  of the professional development, Federal  medical and biological agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>125</fpage><lpage>129</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Маркова Е.Ю., Полунина Е.Г., Иойлева Е.Э., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Маркова Е.Ю., Полунина Е.Г., Иойлева Е.Э.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Markova E.Y., Polunina E.G., Ioileva E.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/373">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/373</self-uri><abstract><p>В течение  последних  десятилетий отмечается значительное увеличение  распространенности аллергических заболеваний, как среди  взрослого населения,  так  и среди  детей.  Согласно  «Европейской  белой  книге  аллергии»  в настоящее время  каждый третий  европейский ребенок  страдает аллергией, а каждый  десятый  — астмой. Международное исследование по аллергии  и астме  у детей  выявило,  что частота  атопии в странах  с «западным»  образом жизни,  в том числе и в России,  на порядок  выше, чем в развивающихся странах.  Нередко  у детей  атопический  дерматит, начавшийся в младенческом возрасте, может  перерасти в «аллергический марш»  — пищевую аллергию,  вслед  за которой  формируется аллергический ринит, аллергический конъюнктивит и другие аллергические заболевания. В свою очередь  аллергические заболевания  существенно снижают  качество жизни  ребенка и способствуют  физической и эмоциональной дезадаптации как  пациента, так и членов  его семьи.  В связи  со значительной распространенностью аллергических болезней у детей  большую актуальность приобретает проблема профилактики и лечения  аллергической патологии.  Взгляд  на некоторые профилактические мероприятия в последние годы изменился. Так,  было замечено, что в многодетных  семьях,  где дети  достаточно  часто  болели  респираторными инфекциями, частота  аллергических  заболеваний была ниже,  чем среди  редко  болеющих детей.  Этот феномен объясняется «гигиенической  теорией» — недостаточной «тренировкой»  Тh1  ответа  у  редко  болеющих детей.  Аллергические заболевания,  в основе  которых лежит IgE-опосредованная  реакция воспаления, имеют общую патогенетическую природу и, следовательно, общие принципы терапии, в которой,  как  известно, значительное место  занимают  антигистаминные препараты, что связано с обязательным участием гистамина  в механизме развития главных симптомов  аллергических заболеваний. Имеющиеся в настоящее время  возможности местной  офтальмологической  противоаллергической  терапии  включают  фармацевтические  препараты, обладающие многочисленными  механизмами действия, например, стабилизаторы тучных клеток, антигистаминные препараты, комбинированные агенты,  стероиды  и нестероидные противовоспалительные средства.  Офтальмологический раствор  Олопатадина  гидрохлорида 0,2% является новой формой  молекулы олопатадина, предназначенной для увеличения продолжительности действия  формулы, что достаточно  для достижения значительной эффективности с дозированием один раз  в сутки с сохранением  в то же  время благоприятного профиля  безопасности и комфорта.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The prevalence off allergic diseases has  been  significantly increased among  adults  and children during last 30-40 years. International study has  shown  that  the  frequency  of atopy  in developed  countries, including Russia,   is higher  than  in developing.  Often atopic dermatitis, started in infancy, can develop into an “allergic march”  — food allergy, followed by the formation of allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis and  other  allergic diseases. The problem  of prophylaxis and  treatment of allergic pathology  becomes actual  for these reasons. An opinion according some  preventive  measures has  changed in recent. It was  noted  that  in families  with many children, where  children  were  often  sick  with respiratory infections,  the  incidence  of allergic  diseases was  lower  than  among  rarely sick children.  It is explained by the  “hygienic theory” — insufficient “training” of the  Th1 response in rarely sick children.  Allergic diseases, which are  based on IgE-mediated inflammation,  have a common  pathogenetic nature and,  consequently, general  principles of therapy, in which, as  is well known,  antihistamines take  a significant  place.  This is cased by the  mandatory involvement of histamine  in the mechanism of development of the main symptoms of allergic diseases. Current  capabilities  of local ophthalmologic  antiallergic therapy includes medicines  with multiple action mechanisms, such as mast cell stabilizers, antihistamines, combined  agents, steroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory effects. The latest generation antihistamine drug — olopatadine hydrochloride  0.2% is a new form of the molecule of olopatadine, which is intended  to increase the duration  of the action.  The article considers the main modern directions in prevention  and treatment of allergic diseases, including allergic eye diseases, which are  a manifestation of the underlying disease and have a common  pathogenetic nature to all atopic diseases, based on the IgE-mediated inflammation reaction.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аллергический конъюнктивит</kwd><kwd>аллергия</kwd><kwd>антигистаминные препараты</kwd><kwd>IgE-опосредованная  реакция воспаления</kwd><kwd>атопические заболевания</kwd><kwd>олопатадин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>allergic conjunctivitis</kwd><kwd>allergy</kwd><kwd>antihistamines</kwd><kwd>IgE-mediated inflammation</kwd><kwd>atopic diseases</kwd><kwd>olopatadine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zaytseva O.V. 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Curr Med Res Opin. 2004; 20: 2644‑2651.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
