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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2017-2-155-162</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-378</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОФТАЛЬМОФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHARMACOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СПОСОБ ВЫБОРА ИРРИГАЦИОННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ  ДЛЯ ОКАЗАНИЯ НЕОТЛОЖНОЙ  ПОМОЩИ ПАЦИЕНТАМ  ПОСЛЕ ХИМИЧЕСКИХ И ТЕРМИЧЕСКИХ  ОЖОГОВ ГЛАЗ ПЕРВОЙ И ВТОРОЙ СТЕПЕНИ С ПРЕИМУЩЕСТВЕННЫМ ПОРАЖЕНИЕМ ВЕК ИЛИ РОГОВИЦЫ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE METHOD FOR SELECTING AN IRRIGATION SYSTEM FOR EMERGENCY TREATMENT OF PATIENTS AFTER CHEMICAL AND THERMAL EYE BURNS OF THE FIRST OR SECOND DEGREE  WITH THE PREDOMINANT LESION OF THE EYELIDS OR CORNEA</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалевская</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalevskaya</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ковалевская Мария Александровна  — доктор медицинских наук, профессор.</p><p>Ул. Студенческая, 10,  Воронеж,  394036</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kovalevskaya Maria A. — MD, professor.</p><p>10, Studencheskaya Str. Voronezh, 394036</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ipkovalevskaya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Могиленец</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mogilenetc</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Могиленец Анна Ивановна — аспирант.</p><p>Ул. Студенческая, 10,  Воронеж,  394036</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mogilenetc Anna I. — postgraduate.</p><p>10, Studencheskaya Str. Voronezh, 394036</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клепикова</surname><given-names>Ю. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klepikova</surname><given-names>J. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Клепикова Юлия Игоревна — аспирант.</p><p>Ул. Студенческая, 10,  Воронеж,  394036</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Klepikova Julia I. — postgraduate.</p><p>10, Studencheskaya Str. Voronezh, 394036</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский  государственный медицинский  университет  им. Н. Н. Бурденко»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.N. Burdenko  Voronezh State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>07</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>155</fpage><lpage>162</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ковалевская М.А., Могиленец А.И., Клепикова Ю.И., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ковалевская М.А., Могиленец А.И., Клепикова Ю.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kovalevskaya M.A., Mogilenetc A.I., Klepikova J.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/378">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/378</self-uri><abstract><p>Подавляющее  большинство полученных ожогов  (84%)  — химические  ожоги,  термические ожоги  составляют  16%   глазных ожогов.  Несмотря  на совершенствование методов  консервативного и хирургического лечения  ожогов глаз,  40%  пострадавших становятся инвалидами. Немедленное, обильное  и направленное промывание предотвращает дальнейшее повреждение глаз.</p><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Разработать разнонаправленную модель  выявления скрытых повреждений роговицы у пациентов  после химических и термических ожогов  первой  или второй степени  с преимущественным поражением век  или роговицы и своевременного оказания неотложной  помощи с помощью ирригационных систем.</p></sec><sec><title>Пациенты и методы</title><p>Пациенты и методы. Обследовано  110 пациентов  с термическими и химическими  ожогами  глаз.  Всем пациентам  выполнено  детальное клиническое и комплексное офтальмологическое обследование,  по результатам которого  они были распределены по группам в зависимости от причины ожога  первой и второй степени. 1 группа — пациенты  с термическим ожогом  глаз  (n=45);  2 группа — пациенты  с химическим  ожогом  глаз  (n=41);  3 группа — пациенты  после  проведения индуцированного  химического  ожога  (алкогольная деэпителизация с помощью  18%-ного  раствора  алкоголя при проведении  LASEK) (n=27);  4 группа — здоровые лица (n=25).  Всем  пациентам  выполняли  компьютерную корнеотопографию, анализ  содержимого передней  камеры  глаза, подсчет  количества клеток  эндотелия, оптическую когерентную томографию  переднего  отрезка, конфокальную  микроскопию  — до и после  лечения  с помощью  ирригационных систем.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. При химическом  ожоге  I  и II  степени  с преимущественным поражением роговицы,  со значительным снижением зрительных функций (до 0,3), окраской роговицы III средней  степени  интенсивности, уменьшением  толщины роговицы не более, чем на 25–30 μm, плотностью эндотелиальных клеток  после ожога  — не более  2300–2400 кл/мм, полимегатизмом 40–45% и плеоморфизмом 35–40% для оказания неотложной  помощи используют ирригационную систему, содержащую  рН нейтральный 4,9% буферный  раствор  фосфатных солей,  обладающий  амфотерными свойствами, нейтрализующий  кислоты  и щелочи.  При термическом ожоге  I  и II  степени  с преимущественным поражением век  и конъюнктивы  для оказания неотложной  помощи используют 0,9% стерильный  раствор  хлористого натрия. </p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Результатом применения  модели  диагностики  и лечения является высокий функциональный  результат  в исходе термических  и химических ожогов первой и второй степени  с преимущественным  поражением век или роговицы при условии точной своевременной диагностики  состояния роговицы и своевременном применении  оптимальных ирригационных растворов для оказания неотложной  помощи и направленной терапии.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Purpose — to develop a multidirectional  model  for detecting hidden  corneal  lesions  in patients after  chemical  and  thermal first or second degree burns  with predominant lesion of eyelid or cornea and  the  timely  emergency help with irrigation  systems.</p><sec><title>Patients and  methods</title><p>Patients and  methods. 110  patients with thermal and  chemical  eye  burns  were  examined.  All  patients underwent a  detailed  clinical and comprehensive ophthalmological  examination. According  to  results they  were  divided into groups, depending  on  the  cause of the first and  second degree burn.  Group 1:  the  patients with thermal eye burn  (n = 45);  Group 2:  the  patients with chemical  eye burn (n = 41). Group 3:  the  patients after  an induced  chemical  burn  (alcohol deepithelization  with an 18%  alcohol solution in LASEK) (n = 27). Group 4:  healthy people  (n=25).  We  used  computer corneotopography, topography  of the  cornea and  analysis of anterior eye chamber, counting  the  number of endothelial  cells,  optical coherence tomography of the  anterior segment, confocal  microscopy, all tests were determined before  and after  treatment with irrigation systems.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In cases of the I or II degrees chemical  burn with a predominant lesion of the cornea — irrigation system is for emergency treatment — a neutral  pH buffer solution is 4.9% phosphate salts, possessing amphoteric properties, neutralizing acids  and bases. In cases of the I or II degrees thermal burns  with predominant damage to the  eyelids and  conjunctiva — an irrigation system is sterile sodium  chloride solution 0.9 %.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The model of diagnostics and  treatment provides  high functional outcomes results in the  thermal and  chemical  burns  with predominant lesion of the eyelid or cornea with accurate timely diagnostics of the cornea and use  of optimal irrigation solutions  for emergency and targeted therapy.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ирригационная система</kwd><kwd>оказание неотложной  помощи</kwd><kwd>химические  ожоги</kwd><kwd>термические ожоги</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>irrigation system</kwd><kwd>emergency care</kwd><kwd>chemical  burns</kwd><kwd>thermal burns</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuckelkorn R., Luft I., Kottek A.A.,Schrage N.F., Makropoulos W., Reim M. Chemical and thermal eye burns in the residential area of RWTH Aachen. Analysis of accidents in 1 year using a new automated documentation of findings. 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