<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2017-3-180-187</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-387</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>РЕАКЦИЯ ТКАНЕВОЙ НЕСОВМЕСТИМОСТИ ПОСЛЕ ТРАНСПЛАНТАЦИИ РОГОВИЦЫ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CORNEAL GRAFT REJECTION AFTER KERATOPLASTY</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Труфанов</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trufanov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник Россолимо ул., 11 А, Б, Москва, 119021,Российская Федерация</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Research Officer, MD 11 A,B, Rossolimo St., Moscow, 119021, Russian Federation</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">trufanov05@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суббот</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Subbot</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник Россолимо ул., 11 А, Б, Москва, 119021, Российская Федерация</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Research Officer, MD 11 A,B, Rossolimo St., Moscow, 119021, Russian Federation</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маложен</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malozhen</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ФГБНУ «НИИ глазных болезней» Крахмалева Дарья Александровна младший научный сотрудник Россолимо ул., 11 А, Б, Москва, 119021, Российская Федерация</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research Assistant 11 A,B, Rossolimo St., Moscow, 119021, Russian Federation</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крахмалева</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krakhmaleva</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ФГБНУ «НИИ глазных болезней» Суббот Анастасия Михайловна кандидат медицинских наук, старший научный сотрудник лаборатории фунда‑ ментальных исследований в офтальмологии Россолимо ул., 11 А, Б, Москва, 119021, Российская Федерация</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D., Senior Research Officer of the laboratory of fundamental research in ophthalmology 11 A,B, Rossolimo St., Moscow, 119021, Russian Federation</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саловарова</surname><given-names>Е. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Salovarova</surname><given-names>E. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант отдела патологии роговицы Россолимо ул., 11 А, Б, Москва, 119021, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate of the Cornea Department 11 A,B, Rossolimo St., Moscow, 119021, Russian Federation</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «НИИ глазных болезней»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Eye Diseases</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>180</fpage><lpage>187</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Труфанов С.В., Суббот А.М., Маложен С.А., Крахмалева Д.А., Саловарова Е.П., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Труфанов С.В., Суббот А.М., Маложен С.А., Крахмалева Д.А., Саловарова Е.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Trufanov S.V., Subbot A.M., Malozhen S.A., Krakhmaleva D.A., Salovarova E.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/387">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/387</self-uri><abstract><p>Трансплантация роговицы — способ хирургического лечения, используемый для восстановления оптических и структурных свойств патологически измененной роговой оболочки глаза, который с успехом применяется уже более 100 лет. Иммунная реакция тканевой несовместимости остается одной из самых распространенных причин неудовлетворительного результата сквозной кератопластики. Случаи реакции отторжения трансплантата роговицы встречаются в 2,3–65% в зависимости от факторов риска, имеющих место у реципиента. Наиболее известными факторами риска отторжения роговичного аллотрансплантата являются неоваскуляризация роговицы реципиента, активное воспаление глаза, герпетический кератит, заболевания глазной поверхности, молодой возраст, предшествующая хирургия переднего отрезка глаза, нейротрофическая кератопатия, большой и эксцентричный трансплантат, передние синехии. Учитывая тот факт, что патофизиология реакции отторжения роговичного трансплантата очень сложна и полностью не изучена, применяемые методы ее лечения и профилактики у пациентов «высокого риска» часто оказываются неэффективными. Новые экспериментальные таргетные подходы, в том числе с использованием антител и генной терапии, в настоящее время разрабатываются, но еще не имеют явного успеха в клинике. В связи с этим для получения удовлетворительных результатов трансплантации роговицы у пациентов «высокого риска» необходимы учет всех основных известных факторов риска с последующей максимально возможной предоперационной терапией, уменьшающей их влияние; тщательный мониторинг пациента в послеоперационном периоде для максимально раннего выявления признаков реакции тканевой несовместимости; разработка оптимальных схем и комбинаций иммуносупрессивных препаратов, разрешенных к использованию в клинике.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Corneal transplantation is a method of surgical treatment used to restore the optical and structural properties of the diseased cornea which is successfully performed for over 100 years. The immune rejection remains one of the most common causes of an unsatisfactory outcomes of penetrating keratoplasty. The cases of corneal allograft rejection range from 2.3% to 65% depending on the risk factors taking place in the recipient. The most well-known risk factors for corneal allograft rejection are neovascularization of the recipient’s cornea, active ocular inflammation, herpetic keratitis, ocular surface disease, young age, previous surgery of the anterior segment of the eye, neurotrophic keratopathy, big and eccentric graft, anterior synechia. Given the fact that the pathophysiology of corneal graft rejection is very complex and not fully understood the applied methods of treatment and prevention are often ineffective in “high risk” patients. New experimental targeted approaches including the use of antibodies and gene therapy are currently being developed but do not have a clear success in the clinic yet.Therefore for obtaining satisfactory outcomes of corneal transplantation in “high risk” patients all main known risk factors have to be taken into account with subsequent possible preoperative therapy to reduce their impact; careful monitoring of the patient in the postoperative period should be done to early detection of allograft rejection signs; optimal schemes and combinations of immunosuppressive drugs authorized for use in the clinic have to be developed.</p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>реакция отторжения трансплантата роговицы</kwd><kwd>кератопластика «высокого риска»</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>иммуносупрессивная терапия</kwd><kwd>циклоспорин А</kwd><kwd>такролимус</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>corneal graft rejection</kwd><kwd>high risk keratoplasty</kwd><kwd>immunosuppressive therapy</kwd><kwd>cyclosporine A</kwd><kwd>tacrolimus</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Niederkorn JY. High-risk corneal allografts and why they lose their immune privilege. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;10:493–497.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Niederkorn JY. High-risk corneal allografts and why they lose their immune privilege. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;10:493–497.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каспаров А.А., Аладинская И.В. О возможностях иммуносупрессивной терапии при реконструктивной кератопластике. Вестник офтальмологии. 2002; 118(4): 16. [Kasparov A.A., Aladinskaja I.V. [Possibilities of immunosuppressive therapy in reconstructive keratoplasty (experience gained in the use of cyclosporine. Annals of Ophthalmology=Vestnik oftal’mologii. 2002;118(4):16. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Каспаров А.А., Аладинская И.В. О возможностях иммуносупрессивной терапии при реконструктивной кератопластике. Вестник офтальмологии. 2002; 118(4): 16. [Kasparov A.A., Aladinskaja I.V. [Possibilities of immunosuppressive therapy in reconstructive keratoplasty (experience gained in the use of cyclosporine. Annals of Ophthalmology=Vestnik oftal’mologii. 2002;118(4):16. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maguire MG, Stark WJ, Gottsch JD, Stulting RD, Sugar A, Fink NE et al. Risk factors for corneal graft failure and rejection in the collaborative corneal transplantation studies. Collaborative Corneal Transplantation Studies Research Group. Ophthalmology. 1994;101:1536–1547.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maguire MG, Stark WJ, Gottsch JD, Stulting RD, Sugar A, Fink NE et al. Risk factors for corneal graft failure and rejection in the collaborative corneal transplantation studies. Collaborative Corneal Transplantation Studies Research Group. Ophthalmology. 1994;101:1536–1547.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sangwan VS, Ramamurthy B, Shah U, Garg P, Sridhar MS, Rao GN. Outcome of corneal transplant rejection: a 10-year study. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2005;33:623–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sangwan VS, Ramamurthy B, Shah U, Garg P, Sridhar MS, Rao GN. Outcome of corneal transplant rejection: a 10-year study. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2005;33:623–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Streilein JW. Immunobiology and immunopathology of corneal transplantation. Chem Immunol. 1999;73:186–206.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Streilein JW. Immunobiology and immunopathology of corneal transplantation. Chem Immunol. 1999;73:186–206.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Борзенок С.А., Тонаева Х.Д., Онищенко Н.А., Комах Ю.А. Индукция локаль ной иммунной толерантности с помощью лимбальной сотрансплантации при кератопластике высокого риска (обзор литературы). Офтальмохирургия. 2011;2:74–80. [Borzenok, Kh.D. Tonaeva, N.A. Oniscenko, Y.A. Komakh. Limbal cotransplantation in case of high risk keratoplasty as a method of local immune tolerance induction (review). Ophthalmosurgery=Oftal’mokhirurgiya. 2011;2:74–80. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Борзенок С.А., Тонаева Х.Д., Онищенко Н.А., Комах Ю.А. Индукция локаль ной иммунной толерантности с помощью лимбальной сотрансплантации при кератопластике высокого риска (обзор литературы). Офтальмохирургия. 2011;2:74–80. [Borzenok, Kh.D. Tonaeva, N.A. Oniscenko, Y.A. Komakh. Limbal cotransplantation in case of high risk keratoplasty as a method of local immune tolerance induction (review). Ophthalmosurgery=Oftal’mokhirurgiya. 2011;2:74–80. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Артамонов С.Д., Онищенко Н.А., Башкина Л.В., Сускова В.С., Крашенинников М.Е., Никольская А.О., Великий Д.А. Роль систем врожденного и адаптивного иммунитета в развитии деструктивного иммунного ответа организма на аллотрансплантат. Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов. 2010;12(3):112–120. [Artamonov S.D., Onishchenko N.A., Bashkina L.V., Suskova V.S., Krasheninnikov M.E., Nikol’skaya A.O., Velikiy D.A. [Role of innate and adaptive immunity for development of destructive immune response of organism on allograft. Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs=Vestnik transplantologii i iskusstvennykh organov. 2010;12(3):112–120. (In Russ.)]. DOI:10.15825/1995-1191-2010-3-112-120</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Артамонов С.Д., Онищенко Н.А., Башкина Л.В., Сускова В.С., Крашенинников М.Е., Никольская А.О., Великий Д.А. Роль систем врожденного и адаптивного иммунитета в развитии деструктивного иммунного ответа организма на аллотрансплантат. Вестник трансплантологии и искусственных органов. 2010;12(3):112–120. [Artamonov S.D., Onishchenko N.A., Bashkina L.V., Suskova V.S., Krasheninnikov M.E., Nikol’skaya A.O., Velikiy D.A. [Role of innate and adaptive immunity for development of destructive immune response of organism on allograft. Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs=Vestnik transplantologii i iskusstvennykh organov. 2010;12(3):112–120. (In Russ.)]. DOI:10.15825/1995-1191-2010-3-112-120</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Küchle M, Cursiefen C, Nguyen NX, Langenbucher A, Seitz B, Wenkel H et al. Risk factors for corneal allograft rejection: intermediate results of a prospective normalrisk keratoplasty study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2002;240(7):580–584.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Küchle M, Cursiefen C, Nguyen NX, Langenbucher A, Seitz B, Wenkel H et al. Risk factors for corneal allograft rejection: intermediate results of a prospective normalrisk keratoplasty study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2002;240(7):580–584.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Böhringer D, Reinhard T, Enczmann J, Godehard E, Sundmacher R Individual analysis of expected time on the waiting list for HLA-matched corneal grafts. Dev Ophthalmol. 2003;36:50–55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Böhringer D, Reinhard T, Enczmann J, Godehard E, Sundmacher R Individual analysis of expected time on the waiting list for HLA-matched corneal grafts. Dev Ophthalmol. 2003;36:50–55.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yan Xu L, Chen J, Hung T. Comparing cryopreserved with fresh corneas on clinical application in penetrating keratoplasty. Ke Xue Bao. 2001;17:68–71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yan Xu L, Chen J, Hung T. Comparing cryopreserved with fresh corneas on clinical application in penetrating keratoplasty. Ke Xue Bao. 2001;17:68–71.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borderie V, Laroche L, Vedie F, Lopez M. Penetrating keratoplasty after graft preservation in organ culture at +37 degrees centigrade. 1-year results. J Fr Ophtalmol. 1995;18:570–577.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borderie V, Laroche L, Vedie F, Lopez M. Penetrating keratoplasty after graft preservation in organ culture at +37 degrees centigrade. 1-year results. J Fr Ophtalmol. 1995;18:570–577.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simon M, Fellner P, El-Shabrawi Y, Ardjomand N. Influence of donor storage time on corneal allograft survival. Ophthalmology. 2004;111:1534–1538.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simon M, Fellner P, El-Shabrawi Y, Ardjomand N. Influence of donor storage time on corneal allograft survival. Ophthalmology. 2004;111:1534–1538.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trigui A, Smaoui M, Masmoudi J, Mhiri W, Maatoug S, Feki J. Corneal graft rejection: donor and receiver implication. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2005;28:631–634.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trigui A, Smaoui M, Masmoudi J, Mhiri W, Maatoug S, Feki J. Corneal graft rejection: donor and receiver implication. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2005;28:631–634.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bachmann B, Taylor RS, Cursiefen C. Corneal neovascularization as a risk factor for graft failure and rejection after keratoplasty: an evidence-based meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2010;117:1300–1305. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.01.039.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bachmann B, Taylor RS, Cursiefen C. Corneal neovascularization as a risk factor for graft failure and rejection after keratoplasty: an evidence-based meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2010;117:1300–1305. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2010.01.039.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khodadoust AA, AbKizadeh A. The rate of corneal rejection after previous rejection reaction, in Silverstein AM, O’Connor GR (eds): Immunology and Immunopathology of the Eye. New York, Masson, 1979;271–283.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khodadoust AA, AbKizadeh A. The rate of corneal rejection after previous rejection reaction, in Silverstein AM, O’Connor GR (eds): Immunology and Immunopathology of the Eye. New York, Masson, 1979;271–283.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khodadoust AA. The allograft rejection: The leading cause of late graft failure of clinical corneal grafts, in Porter R.Knight J (eds): Corneal Graft Failure. Ciba Foundation Symposium 15. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973;151—164.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khodadoust AA. The allograft rejection: The leading cause of late graft failure of clinical corneal grafts, in Porter R.Knight J (eds): Corneal Graft Failure. Ciba Foundation Symposium 15. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973;151—164.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Volkar-Dieben HJ, D-Amaroj: Kok-Van Alphen CC. Hierarchy of prognostic factors for corneal survival. Aust NZ JOphthalmol. 1987;15(1):11–18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkar-Dieben HJ, D-Amaroj: Kok-Van Alphen CC. Hierarchy of prognostic factors for corneal survival. Aust NZ JOphthalmol. 1987;15(1):11–18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lomholt JA, Baggesen K, Ehlers N. Recurrence and rejection rates following corneal transplantation for herpes simplex keratitis. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1995;73:29–32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lomholt JA, Baggesen K, Ehlers N. Recurrence and rejection rates following corneal transplantation for herpes simplex keratitis. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1995;73:29–32.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shtein RM, Garcia DD, Musch DC, Elner VM. Herpes simplex virus keratitis: histopathologic inflammation and corneal allograft rejection. Ophthalmology. 2009;116:1301–1305.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shtein RM, Garcia DD, Musch DC, Elner VM. Herpes simplex virus keratitis: histopathologic inflammation and corneal allograft rejection. Ophthalmology. 2009;116:1301–1305.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williams KA, Roder D, Esterman A, Muehlberg SM, Coster DJ. Factors predictive of corneal graft survival. Report from the Australian Corneal Graft Registry. Ophthalmology. 1992;99:403–14</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williams KA, Roder D, Esterman A, Muehlberg SM, Coster DJ. Factors predictive of corneal graft survival. Report from the Australian Corneal Graft Registry. Ophthalmology. 1992;99:403–14</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khodadoust AA, Karnema Y. Corneal grafts in the second eye. Cornea 1984;3:17–20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khodadoust AA, Karnema Y. Corneal grafts in the second eye. Cornea 1984;3:17–20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Inoue K, Amano S, Oshika T, Tsuru T. Risk factors for corneal graft failure and rejection in penetrating keratoplasty. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2001;79(3):251–255.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Inoue K, Amano S, Oshika T, Tsuru T. Risk factors for corneal graft failure and rejection in penetrating keratoplasty. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2001;79(3):251–255.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jonas JB, Rank RM, Budde WM. Immunologic graft rejections after allogeneic penetrating keratoplasty. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;133:437–443.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jonas JB, Rank RM, Budde WM. Immunologic graft rejections after allogeneic penetrating keratoplasty. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;133:437–443.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Casey TA, Mayer DJ. Rejection in Corneal grafting, principles and practice. San Francisco: Saunders. 1984;309–324.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Casey TA, Mayer DJ. Rejection in Corneal grafting, principles and practice. San Francisco: Saunders. 1984;309–324.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shapiro MB, Mandel MR, Krachmer JH. Rejection. in Bright B (ed): Corneal Surgery, Theory, Technique and Tissues. St Louis, CV Mosby Company, ed 2 1997;254–268.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shapiro MB, Mandel MR, Krachmer JH. Rejection. in Bright B (ed): Corneal Surgery, Theory, Technique and Tissues. St Louis, CV Mosby Company, ed 2 1997;254–268.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Epstein RJ, Robin JB. Corneal graft rejection episode after excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1994;112:157.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Epstein RJ, Robin JB. Corneal graft rejection episode after excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1994;112:157.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guilbert E, Bullet J, Sandali O, Basli E, Laroche L, Borderie VM. Long-term rejection incidence and reversibility after penetrating and lamellar keratoplasty. Am J Ophthalmol. 2013;155(3):560–569, doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2012.09.027.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guilbert E, Bullet J, Sandali O, Basli E, Laroche L, Borderie VM. Long-term rejection incidence and reversibility after penetrating and lamellar keratoplasty. Am J Ophthalmol. 2013;155(3):560–569, doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2012.09.027.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alldredge OC, Krachmer JH. Clinical types of cornealtransplant rejection. Their manifestations, frequency, pre-operative correlates, and treatment. Arch Ophthalmol 1981;99:599–604.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alldredge OC, Krachmer JH. Clinical types of cornealtransplant rejection. Their manifestations, frequency, pre-operative correlates, and treatment. Arch Ophthalmol 1981;99:599–604.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coster DJ, Williams KA. The impact of corneal allograft rejection on the long-term outcome of corneal transplantation. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;140:1112–1122.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coster DJ, Williams KA. The impact of corneal allograft rejection on the long-term outcome of corneal transplantation. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;140:1112–1122.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mason CM, Sugar A, Meyer RF. Intrastromal crystalline deposits following corneal graft rejection. Cornea. 1984;3:89–94.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mason CM, Sugar A, Meyer RF. Intrastromal crystalline deposits following corneal graft rejection. Cornea. 1984;3:89–94.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Polak FM. Corneal transplantations. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1973;12:85–93.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polak FM. Corneal transplantations. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1973;12:85–93.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levenson JE, Brightbill FS. Endothelial rejection in human transplants. Arch Ophthalmol. 1973;89:489–492.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levenson JE, Brightbill FS. Endothelial rejection in human transplants. Arch Ophthalmol. 1973;89:489–492.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krachmer JH, Mannis MJ, Holland EJ. Ocular immune response. In:Cornea.Vol.1. St.Louis: Mosby; 1996;68–127.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krachmer JH, Mannis MJ, Holland EJ. Ocular immune response. In:Cornea.Vol.1. St.Louis: Mosby; 1996;68–127.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Han DC, Mehta JS, Por YM, Htoon HM, Tan DT. Comparison of outcomes of lamellar keratoplasty and penetrating keratoplasty in keratoconus. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009;148:744–751.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Han DC, Mehta JS, Por YM, Htoon HM, Tan DT. Comparison of outcomes of lamellar keratoplasty and penetrating keratoplasty in keratoconus. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009;148:744–751.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Труфанов С.В., Маложен С.А. Современные возможности функциональной реабилитации больных с буллезной кератопатией и сопутствующей глаукомой на основе эндотелиальной кератопластики. Вестник офтальмо логии. 2014;130(2):27–31. [Trufanov S.V., Malozhen S.A. Modern endothelial keratoplasty-based options for visual rehabilitation of patients with bullous keratopathy and concomitant glaucoma. Annals of Ophthalmology=Vestnik oftal’mologii. 2014;130(2):27–31. (in Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Труфанов С.В., Маложен С.А. Современные возможности функциональной реабилитации больных с буллезной кератопатией и сопутствующей глаукомой на основе эндотелиальной кератопластики. Вестник офтальмо логии. 2014;130(2):27–31. [Trufanov S.V., Malozhen S.A. Modern endothelial keratoplasty-based options for visual rehabilitation of patients with bullous keratopathy and concomitant glaucoma. Annals of Ophthalmology=Vestnik oftal’mologii. 2014;130(2):27–31. (in Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Труфанов С.В., Полунина Е.Г. Автоматизированная эндотелиальная кератопластика с удалением десцеметовой мембраны (DSAEK) при использовании тонких трансплантатов у больных буллезной кератопатией с низкой доопера ционной остротой зрения. Офтальмология. 2013; 10(2): 24–30. [Trufanov S.V., Polunina E.G. Descemet’s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) with thin grafts in patients suffered bullous keratopathy with low preoperative visual acuty. Ophthalmology=Oftal’mologija. 2013;10(2):24–30. (in Russ.)]. DOI: http:// dx.doi.org/10.18008/1816-5095-2013-2-24-30</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Труфанов С.В., Полунина Е.Г. Автоматизированная эндотелиальная кератопластика с удалением десцеметовой мембраны (DSAEK) при использовании тонких трансплантатов у больных буллезной кератопатией с низкой доопера ционной остротой зрения. Офтальмология. 2013; 10(2): 24–30. [Trufanov S.V., Polunina E.G. Descemet’s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) with thin grafts in patients suffered bullous keratopathy with low preoperative visual acuty. Ophthalmology=Oftal’mologija. 2013;10(2):24–30. (in Russ.)]. DOI: http:// dx.doi.org/10.18008/1816-5095-2013-2-24-30</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Allan BD, Terry MA, Price FW Jr, Price MO, Griffin NB, Claesson M. Corneal transplant rejection rate and severity after endothelial keratoplasty. Cornea. 2007;26:1039–42.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Allan BD, Terry MA, Price FW Jr, Price MO, Griffin NB, Claesson M. Corneal transplant rejection rate and severity after endothelial keratoplasty. Cornea. 2007;26:1039–42.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anshu A, Price MO, Price FW Jr. Risk of corneal transplant rejection significantly reduced with Descemet’s membrane endothelial keratoplasty. Ophthalmology. 2012;119(3):536–540 doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.09.019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anshu A, Price MO, Price FW Jr. Risk of corneal transplant rejection significantly reduced with Descemet’s membrane endothelial keratoplasty. Ophthalmology. 2012;119(3):536–540 doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.09.019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morrison DA, Fahy GT, Brown LJ. Unsuspected infections crystalline keratopathy masquerading as corneal graft rejection. Br J Ophthalmol. 1997;81:608.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morrison DA, Fahy GT, Brown LJ. Unsuspected infections crystalline keratopathy masquerading as corneal graft rejection. Br J Ophthalmol. 1997;81:608.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Randleman JB, Stulting RD. Prevention and treatment of corneal graft rejection: current practice patterns (2004). Cornea. 2006;25:286–290.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Randleman JB, Stulting RD. Prevention and treatment of corneal graft rejection: current practice patterns (2004). Cornea. 2006;25:286–290.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nguyen NX, Seitz B, Martus P, Langenbucher A, Cursiefen C. Long-term topical steroid treatment improves graft survival following normal-risk penetrating keratoplasty. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007;144:318–319.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nguyen NX, Seitz B, Martus P, Langenbucher A, Cursiefen C. Long-term topical steroid treatment improves graft survival following normal-risk penetrating keratoplasty. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007;144:318–319.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ross AH, Jones MN, Nguyen DQ, Jaycock PD, Armitage WJ, Cook SD et al. National Health Service Blood and Transplant Ocular Tissue Advisory Group and Contributing Ophthalmologists. Long-term topical steroid treatment after penetrating keratoplasty in patients with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy. Ophthalmology. 2009;116:2369–2372.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ross AH, Jones MN, Nguyen DQ, Jaycock PD, Armitage WJ, Cook SD et al. National Health Service Blood and Transplant Ocular Tissue Advisory Group and Contributing Ophthalmologists. Long-term topical steroid treatment after penetrating keratoplasty in patients with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy. Ophthalmology. 2009;116:2369–2372.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Panda A, Vanathi M, Kumar A, Dash Y, Priya S. Corneal graft rejection. Surv Ophthalmol. 2007;52:375–96.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panda A, Vanathi M, Kumar A, Dash Y, Priya S. Corneal graft rejection. Surv Ophthalmol. 2007;52:375–96.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Collaborative Corneal Transplantation Studies Research Group.Design and methods of The Collaborative Corneal Transplantation Studies. Cornea. 1993;12:93–103.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The Collaborative Corneal Transplantation Studies Research Group.Design and methods of The Collaborative Corneal Transplantation Studies. Cornea. 1993;12:93–103.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moore TE, Aronson SB. Steroid therapy in penetrating keratoplasty. Trans Pac Coast Otoophthalmol Soc AnnuMeet. 1967;51:29—40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moore TE, Aronson SB. Steroid therapy in penetrating keratoplasty. Trans Pac Coast Otoophthalmol Soc AnnuMeet. 1967;51:29—40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hill JC, Maske R, Watson P. Corticosteroids in corneal graft rejection: oral versus single pulse therapy. Ophthalmology. 1991;98:329–333.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hill JC, Maske R, Watson P. Corticosteroids in corneal graft rejection: oral versus single pulse therapy. Ophthalmology. 1991;98:329–333.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Costa DC, Castro RS, Camargo MS, Kara-José N. Corneal allograft rejection: topical treatment vs. pulsed intravenous methylprednisolone — ten years’ result. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2008;71:57–61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Costa DC, Castro RS, Camargo MS, Kara-José N. Corneal allograft rejection: topical treatment vs. pulsed intravenous methylprednisolone — ten years’ result. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2008;71:57–61.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silverman ED, Myones BL, Miller JJ: Lymphocyte sub-population alterations induced by intravenous megadosepulse methylprednisolone. J Rheumatol. 1984;11:287–290.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silverman ED, Myones BL, Miller JJ: Lymphocyte sub-population alterations induced by intravenous megadosepulse methylprednisolone. J Rheumatol. 1984;11:287–290.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meyer PA, Watson PG, Franks W, Dubord P. ‘Pulsed’ immuno-suppressive therapy in the treatment of immunologically induced corneal and scleral disease. Eye 1987;1:487–495.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meyer PA, Watson PG, Franks W, Dubord P. ‘Pulsed’ immuno-suppressive therapy in the treatment of immunologically induced corneal and scleral disease. Eye 1987;1:487–495.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Newton C, Gebhardt BM, Kaufman HE. Topically applied cyclosporine in azone prolongs corneal allograft survival. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1988;29:208–215.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Newton C, Gebhardt BM, Kaufman HE. Topically applied cyclosporine in azone prolongs corneal allograft survival. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1988;29:208–215.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoffmann E, Wiederholt M. Topical cyclosporin A in the treatment of corneal graft rejection. Cornea. 1986;5:129.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoffmann E, Wiederholt M. Topical cyclosporin A in the treatment of corneal graft rejection. Cornea. 1986;5:129.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Inoue K, Amano S, Kimura C, Sato T, Fujita N, Kagaya F et al. Long term effects of topical cyclosporine A treatment after penetrating keratoplasty. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2000;44:302–305.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Inoue K, Amano S, Kimura C, Sato T, Fujita N, Kagaya F et al. Long term effects of topical cyclosporine A treatment after penetrating keratoplasty. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2000;44:302–305.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макаров П.В., Балаян Т.Г., Оганесян О.Г. и др. Исследование эффективности применения циклоспорина у больных с высоким риском отторжения кератотрансплантата. Сообщение 1. Результаты клинического мониторгинга. Вест ник офтальмологии. 2007;123(4):14–19. [Makarov P.V., Balayan T.G., Oganesyan O.G. et al. Study of the efficacy of cyclosporine used in patients at high risk of keratograft rejection. Communication 1. Immunological treatment monitoring. Annals of Ophthalmology=Vestnik oftal’mologii. 2007;123(4):14–19. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Макаров П.В., Балаян Т.Г., Оганесян О.Г. и др. Исследование эффективности применения циклоспорина у больных с высоким риском отторжения кератотрансплантата. Сообщение 1. Результаты клинического мониторгинга. Вест ник офтальмологии. 2007;123(4):14–19. [Makarov P.V., Balayan T.G., Oganesyan O.G. et al. Study of the efficacy of cyclosporine used in patients at high risk of keratograft rejection. Communication 1. Immunological treatment monitoring. Annals of Ophthalmology=Vestnik oftal’mologii. 2007;123(4):14–19. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Милюдин Е.С., Золотарев А.В., Милюдин А.Е. Возможности местной иммуносупрессии при повторной кератопластике. Клиническая офтальмология. 2014;15(3):160–164. [Milyudin E.S., Zolotarev A.V., Milyudin A.E. Possibilities of local immunosuppression in repeated keratoplasty. Clinical ophthalmology= Klinicheskaya oftal’mologiya. 2014;15(3):160–164. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Милюдин Е.С., Золотарев А.В., Милюдин А.Е. Возможности местной иммуносупрессии при повторной кератопластике. Клиническая офтальмология. 2014;15(3):160–164. [Milyudin E.S., Zolotarev A.V., Milyudin A.E. Possibilities of local immunosuppression in repeated keratoplasty. Clinical ophthalmology= Klinicheskaya oftal’mologiya. 2014;15(3):160–164. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Unal M, Yücel I. Evaluation of topical ciclosporin 0.05% for prevention of rejection in high-risk corneal grafts. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008;92:1411–1414.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Unal M, Yücel I. Evaluation of topical ciclosporin 0.05% for prevention of rejection in high-risk corneal grafts. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008;92:1411–1414.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sinha R, Jhanji V, Verma K, Sharma N, Biswas NR, Vajpayee RB. Efficacy of topical cyclosporine A 2% in prevention of graft rejection in high-risk keratoplasty: a randomized controlled trial. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2010;248:1167– 1172. DOI 10.1007/s00417-010-1388-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sinha R, Jhanji V, Verma K, Sharma N, Biswas NR, Vajpayee RB. Efficacy of topical cyclosporine A 2% in prevention of graft rejection in high-risk keratoplasty: a randomized controlled trial. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2010;248:1167– 1172. DOI 10.1007/s00417-010-1388-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hill JC. Systemic cyclosporine in high-risk keratoplasty. Short- versus long-term therapy. Ophthalmology. 1994;101:128–133.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hill JC. Systemic cyclosporine in high-risk keratoplasty. Short- versus long-term therapy. Ophthalmology. 1994;101:128–133.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гундорова Р.А., Илуридзе С.Л., Макаров П.В., Данилова Д.Ю., Балаян Т.Г. Иммунологические критерии прогноза кератолпастики при бельмах различной этиологии. [Gundorova R.A., Iluridze S.L., Makarov P.V., Danilova D.Ju., Balajan T.G. Immunological criteria for prediction of keratoplasty in the leucomas of various etiologies. Cataractal and Refractive Surgery=Kataraktal’naja i refrakcionnaja hirurgija. 2011;11(2):28–31. (in Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Гундорова Р.А., Илуридзе С.Л., Макаров П.В., Данилова Д.Ю., Балаян Т.Г. Иммунологические критерии прогноза кератолпастики при бельмах различной этиологии. [Gundorova R.A., Iluridze S.L., Makarov P.V., Danilova D.Ju., Balajan T.G. Immunological criteria for prediction of keratoplasty in the leucomas of various etiologies. Cataractal and Refractive Surgery=Kataraktal’naja i refrakcionnaja hirurgija. 2011;11(2):28–31. (in Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poon AC, Forbes JE, Dart JK, Subramaniam S, Bunce C, Madison P et al. Systemic cyclosporin A in high risk penetrating keratoplasties: a case-control study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2001;85:1464–1469.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poon AC, Forbes JE, Dart JK, Subramaniam S, Bunce C, Madison P et al. Systemic cyclosporin A in high risk penetrating keratoplasties: a case-control study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2001;85:1464–1469.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Banerjee S, Dick AD: Recent developments in the pharmacological treatment and prevention of corneal graft rejection. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2003;12:29–37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Banerjee S, Dick AD: Recent developments in the pharmacological treatment and prevention of corneal graft rejection. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2003;12:29–37.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dhaliwal JS, Mason BF, Kaufman SC. Long-term use of topical tacrolimus (FK506) in high-risk penetrating keratoplasty. Cornea. 2008;27:488–493.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dhaliwal JS, Mason BF, Kaufman SC. Long-term use of topical tacrolimus (FK506) in high-risk penetrating keratoplasty. Cornea. 2008;27:488–493.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reis A, Mayweg S, Birnbaum F, Reinhard T. Long-term results of FK 506 eye drops following corneal transplantation. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2008;225:57–61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reis A, Mayweg S, Birnbaum F, Reinhard T. Long-term results of FK 506 eye drops following corneal transplantation. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2008;225:57–61.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Joseph A, Raj D, Shanmuganathan V, Powell RJ, Dua HS. Tacrolimus immunosuppression in high-risk corneal grafts. Br J Ophthalmol. 2007;91:51–55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Joseph A, Raj D, Shanmuganathan V, Powell RJ, Dua HS. Tacrolimus immunosuppression in high-risk corneal grafts. Br J Ophthalmol. 2007;91:51–55.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sloper CM, Powell RJ, Dua HS. Tacrolimus (FK506) in the management of highrisk corneal and limbal grafts. Ophthalmology. 2001;108:1838–1844.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sloper CM, Powell RJ, Dua HS. Tacrolimus (FK506) in the management of highrisk corneal and limbal grafts. Ophthalmology. 2001;108:1838–1844.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Birnbaum F, Mayweg S, Reis A, Böhringer D, Seitz B, Engelmann K et al. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) following penetrating high-risk keratoplasty: long-term results of a prospective, randomised, multicentre study. Eye (Lond). 2009;23:2063–2070.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Birnbaum F, Mayweg S, Reis A, Böhringer D, Seitz B, Engelmann K et al. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) following penetrating high-risk keratoplasty: long-term results of a prospective, randomised, multicentre study. Eye (Lond). 2009;23:2063–2070.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reis A, Reinhard T, Voiculescu A, Kutkuhn B, Godehardt E, Spelsberg H et al. Mycophenolate mofetil versus cyclosporin A in high risk keratoplasty patients: a prospectively randomised clinical trial. Br J Ophthalmol. 1999;83:1268–1271.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reis A, Reinhard T, Voiculescu A, Kutkuhn B, Godehardt E, Spelsberg H et al. Mycophenolate mofetil versus cyclosporin A in high risk keratoplasty patients: a prospectively randomised clinical trial. Br J Ophthalmol. 1999;83:1268–1271.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miller K, Huber C, Niederwieser D, Göttinger W. Successful engraftment of highrisk corneal allografts with short-term immunosuppression with cyclosporine. Transplantation. 1988;45:651–653.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miller K, Huber C, Niederwieser D, Göttinger W. Successful engraftment of highrisk corneal allografts with short-term immunosuppression with cyclosporine. Transplantation. 1988;45:651–653.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Birnbaum F, Reis A, Böhringer D, Sokolowska Y, Mayer K, Voiculescu A et al. An open prospective pilot study on the use of rapamycin after penetrating high-risk keratoplasty. Transplantation. 2006;81:767–772.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Birnbaum F, Reis A, Böhringer D, Sokolowska Y, Mayer K, Voiculescu A et al. An open prospective pilot study on the use of rapamycin after penetrating high-risk keratoplasty. Transplantation. 2006;81:767–772.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chatel MA, Larkin DF. Sirolimus and Mycophenolate as Combination Prophylaxis in Corneal Transplant Recipients at High Rejection Risk. Am J Ophthalmol. 2010;150(2):179–184.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chatel MA, Larkin DF. Sirolimus and Mycophenolate as Combination Prophylaxis in Corneal Transplant Recipients at High Rejection Risk. Am J Ophthalmol. 2010;150(2):179–184.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Epstein RJ, Stulting RD, Hendricks RL, Harris DM. Corneal neovascularization. Pathogenesis and inhibition. Cornea. 1987;6:250–257.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Epstein RJ, Stulting RD, Hendricks RL, Harris DM. Corneal neovascularization. Pathogenesis and inhibition. Cornea. 1987;6:250–257.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Symes RJ, Poole TR. Corneal graft surgery combined with subconjunctival bevacizumab (avastin). Cornea. 2010;29:691–693. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0b013e3181ba0ae2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Symes RJ, Poole TR. Corneal graft surgery combined with subconjunctival bevacizumab (avastin). Cornea. 2010;29:691–693. doi: 10.1097/ICO.0b013e3181ba0ae2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dastjerdi M, Saban D, Okanobo A et al. Effects of Topical and Subconjunctival Bevacizumab in High-Risk Corneal Transplant Survival. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51(5):2411. doi:10.1167/iovs.09-3745.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dastjerdi M, Saban D, Okanobo A et al. Effects of Topical and Subconjunctival Bevacizumab in High-Risk Corneal Transplant Survival. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51(5):2411. doi:10.1167/iovs.09-3745.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мамиконян В. Р., Воеводина Т. М., Федоров А. А., Будзинская М. В., Балаян М. Л. Экспериментально-морфологическое исследование влияния антиангиогенной терапии на новообразованные сосуды роговицы. Вестник офтальмологии.2013;129(6):45–50. [Mamikonian V. R., Voevodina T. M., Fedorov A. A., Budzinskaia M. V., Balaian M. L. Experimental and morphological study of the effect of antiangiogenic therapy on corneal neovessels. Annals of Ophthalmology=Vestnik oftal’mologii 2013;129(6):45–50 (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Мамиконян В. Р., Воеводина Т. М., Федоров А. А., Будзинская М. В., Балаян М. Л. Экспериментально-морфологическое исследование влияния антиангиогенной терапии на новообразованные сосуды роговицы. Вестник офтальмологии.2013;129(6):45–50. [Mamikonian V. R., Voevodina T. M., Fedorov A. A., Budzinskaia M. V., Balaian M. L. Experimental and morphological study of the effect of antiangiogenic therapy on corneal neovessels. Annals of Ophthalmology=Vestnik oftal’mologii 2013;129(6):45–50 (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Detry B, Blacher S, Erpicum C, Paupert J, Maertens L, Maillard C et al. Sunitinib inhibits inflammatory corneal lymphangiogenesis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54:3082–3093. doi: 10.1167/iovs.12-10856.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Detry B, Blacher S, Erpicum C, Paupert J, Maertens L, Maillard C et al. Sunitinib inhibits inflammatory corneal lymphangiogenesis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54:3082–3093. doi: 10.1167/iovs.12-10856.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit75"><label>75</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cho YK, Zhang X, Uehara H, Young JR, Archer B, Ambati B. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1 morpholino increases graft survival in a murine penetrating keratoplasty model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:8458–8471 doi: 10.1167/iovs.12-10408.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cho YK, Zhang X, Uehara H, Young JR, Archer B, Ambati B. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1 morpholino increases graft survival in a murine penetrating keratoplasty model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:8458–8471 doi: 10.1167/iovs.12-10408.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit76"><label>76</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Birnbaum F, Jehle T, Schwartzkopff J, Sokolovska Y, Böhringer D, Reis A et al. Basiliximab following penetrating risk-keratoplasty — a prospective randomized pilot study. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2008;225:62–65 doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1027129.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Birnbaum F, Jehle T, Schwartzkopff J, Sokolovska Y, Böhringer D, Reis A et al. Basiliximab following penetrating risk-keratoplasty — a prospective randomized pilot study. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2008;225:62–65 doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1027129.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit77"><label>77</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ippoliti G, Fronterrè A. Use of locally injected anti-T monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of acute corneal graft rejection. Transplant Proc. 1987;19:2579–2580.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ippoliti G, Fronterrè A. Use of locally injected anti-T monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of acute corneal graft rejection. Transplant Proc. 1987;19:2579–2580.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit78"><label>78</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chatenoud L. Monoclonal antibody-based strategies in autoimmunity and transplantation. Methods Mol Med. 2006;109:297–328 79. Jun AS, Larkin DF. Prospects for gene therapy in corneal disease. Eye (Lond). 2003;17:906–911.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chatenoud L. Monoclonal antibody-based strategies in autoimmunity and transplantation. Methods Mol Med. 2006;109:297–328 79. Jun AS, Larkin DF. Prospects for gene therapy in corneal disease. Eye (Lond). 2003;17:906–911.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
