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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2018-1-12-17</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-537</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анизометропия и анизометропическая амблиопия (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Anisometropia and Anisometropic Amblyopia (Literature Review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фабрикантов</surname><given-names>О. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fabrikantov</surname><given-names>O. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, директор, заведующий кафедрой</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Director, the Head of ophthalmological department</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матросова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Matrosova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующая детским отделением</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The Head of children’s department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">naukatmb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МНТК «Микрохирургия глаза» им. академика С.Н. Федорова Минздрава России, Тамбовский филиал;</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Tambov branch; Derzhavin Tambov State University, Medical Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МНТК «Микрохирургия глаза» им. академика С.Н. Федорова Минздрава России, Тамбовский филиал; Тамбовский государственный университет им. Г.Р. Державина, Медицинский институт</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Tambov branch; Derzhavin Tambov State University, Medical Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фабрикантов О.Л., Матросова Ю.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фабрикантов О.Л., Матросова Ю.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fabrikantov O.L., Matrosova Y.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/537">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/537</self-uri><abstract><p>Изучение данных отечественной и зарубежной литературы (периодические издания и монографии), касающиеся частоты встречаемости анизометропии, ее роли в развитии амблиопии и распространенности анизометропической амблиопии, ее клинических и морфофункциональных особенностей, выявления новых аспектов этиологии и патогенеза. В статье приведены данные статистики по широкой распространенности анизометропии, которая является проявлением асимметрии в парном органе зрения и не снижает его, а также анизометропии, приводящей к развитию амблиопии, ее классификация. Описаны изменения в организме, сопутствующие анизометропии. Показано, что наряду с сенсорными нарушениями, свойственными и для прочих видов амблиопии, при анизометропической амблиопии наблюдаются морфофункциональные изменения, являющиеся достаточно специфичными и отличающими анизометропическую амблиопию от прочих ее видов. Описаны особенности состояния сетчатки и хориоидеи в макулярной области при анизометропической амблиопии, выявляемые с помощью оптической когерентной  томографии и определяющие ее специфику. Анизометропия имеет широкое аспространение среди детского и взрослого населения. Как возможная причина снижения зрения, она встречается, по данным различных исследований, в 1,0–2,3% случаев (разница в рефракции двух глаз более 1,5 дптр может стать причиной амблиопии). Анизометропия менее 1,5 дптр, то есть та, которая не приводит к снижению зрения, встречается почти в 50,0% случаев среди лиц неотобранного контингента. По этой причине дальнейшее изучение этиопатогенеза анизометропической амблиопии, а также сопутствующих ей сенсорных, морфологических и функциональных изменений является важной медикооциальной задачей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>To study the world literature (monographs and periodicals) regarding the frequency of anisometropia, its role in amblyopia development and prevalence of anisometropic amblyopia, its clinical and morphofunctional features, to reveal new aspects of etiology and pathogenesis.We have performed a literature review of Russian and foreign monographs and periodicals, internet resources. The paper presents statistical data regarding the wide prevalence of anisometropia (which manifests by asymmetry in the fellow eye and doesn’t reduce it, and anisometropia that leads to amblyopia), its classification and describes the alterations in the human organism that accompany anisometropia. It is shown that along with the sensory disorders which are peculiar to the other types of amblyopia, in anisometropic amblyopia we observe morphofunctional alterations that are special enough and differentiate anisometropic amblyopia from its other types. The paper describes the peculiarities of the retina and choroid in anisometropic amblyopia, revealed by means of optical coherence tomography and determining its specificity. Anisometropia is widely spread among children and adults. As a possible reason for visual acuity reduction, it is found in 1.0–2.3% of cases according to the different investigation data (the difference in refraction of both eyes of more than 1.5 D may become the reasonfor amblyopia). Anisometropia of less than 1.5 D, i.e. one that does not lead to visual acuity reduction, is found almost in 50% of cases among unselected population. Therefore, further investigation of anisometropic amblyopia pathogenesis as well as of accompanying sensory, morphological and functional alterations is of great importance</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>анизометропия</kwd><kwd>амблиопия</kwd><kwd>оптическая когерентная томография</kwd><kwd>бинокулярное зрение</kwd><kwd>анизэйкония</kwd><kwd>сетчатка</kwd><kwd>хориоидея</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anisometropia</kwd><kwd>amblyopia</kwd><kwd>optical coherence tomography</kwd><kwd>binocular vision</kwd><kwd>aniseikonia</kwd><kwd>retina</kwd><kwd>choroid</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ottar W.L., Scott W.E., Holgado S.I. Photoscreening for amblyopiogenic factors. J. Pediatr. Ophthalmol. Strabismus. 1995;32:289–295.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ottar W.L., Scott W.E., Holgado S.I. 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