ophthalmologyОфтальмологияOphthalmology in Russia1816-50952500-0845Ophthalmology10.18008/1816-5095-2018-4-463-469ophthalmology-773Research ArticleКЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯCLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHИммунологические аспекты макулярного отека после хирургии катаракты у больных сахарным диабетомImmunological Aspects of Macular Edema after Cataract Surgery in Patients with Diabetes MellitusФроловМ. А.FrolovM. A.

доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой глазных болезнейул. Бакинская, 26, Москва, 115516, Российская Федерация

MD, professor, Head of the Department of Eye DiseasesBakinskaya str., 26, Moscow, 115516, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2998-3392ЛипатовД. В.LipatovD. V.

доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры глазных болезней, заведующий отделением диабетической ретинопатии и микрохирургии ФГБУ «НМИЦ эндокринологии»ул. Бакинская, 26, Москва, 115516, Российская Федерацияул. Дмитрия Ульянова, 11, Москва, 117036, Российская Федерация

MD, professor, Head of the Department of Diabetic Retinopathy and MicrosurgeryBakinskaya str., 26, Moscow, 115516, RussiaDmitriya Ulyanova str., 11, Moscow, 117036, Russia

glas1966@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4644-4753БашинаИ. А.BashinaI. A.

аспирант кафедры глазных болезней, врач-офтальмологул. Бакинская, 26, Москва, 115516, Российская Федерация

рostgraduateBakinskaya str., 26, Moscow, 115516, Russia

ФроловА. М.FrolovA. M.

кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры глазных болезнейул. Бакинская, 26, Москва, 115516, Российская Федерация

PhD, assistant professorBakinskaya str., 26, Moscow, 115516, Russia

БеляеваЕ. С.BelyaevaE. S.

ординатор кафедры глазных болезнейул. Бакинская, 26, Москва, 115516, Российская Федерация

ResidentBakinskaya str., 26, Moscow, 115516, Russia

ФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов»РоссияPeoples Friendship University of RussiaRussian FederationФГАОУ ВО «Российский университет дружбы народов» ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии»РоссияPeoples Friendship University of Russia Endocrinology Research CentreRussian Federation201808012019154463469Copyright © Фролов М.А., Липатов Д.В., Башина И.А., Фролов А.М., Беляева Е.С., 20192019Фролов М.А., Липатов Д.В., Башина И.А., Фролов А.М., Беляева Е.С.Frolov M.A., Lipatov D.V., Bashina I.A., Frolov A.M., Belyaeva E.S.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/773

Цитокины представляют собой полипептиды, синтезируемые практически всеми клетками организма. Они играют ключевую роль в формировании и регулировании защитных реакций. Попытки исследователей найти предикторы развития экссудативно-воспалительной реакции после оперативного вмешательства привели к более детальному изучению иммунологического статуса. Известно, что нарушение баланса про- и противовоспалительных цитокинов приводит к нарушению гематоофтальмического барьера, что способствует усилению воспалительной реакции. Особый интерес представляют пациенты с сахарным диабетом в связи с исходно имеющимся повреждением гематоофтальмического барьера. В статье рассмотрены эпидемиология, патогенез и возможные методы профилактики послеоперационного кистозного макулярного отека, представлены научные работы, описывающие изменение локального цитокинового профиля у пациентов с сахарным диабетом, определена зависимость данных изменений от наличия той или иной стадии диабетической ретинопатии. Показаны возможности мультиплексного анализа, освещены особенности отдельных цитокинов и ангиогенных факторов, выделены цитокины, участвующие в формировании макулярного отека после хирургии катаракты. Исследование роли цитокинов в развитии офтальмопатологии привело к созданию нового направления патогенетически ориентированной терапии глазных болезней, это определяет важность дальнейшего изучения цитокинового статуса пациентов с макулярным отеком после факоэмульсификации катаракты для поиска возможных вариантов лечения.

Cytokines are polypeptides which are produced by a broad range of cells of the body. They play a key role in the formation and regulation of protective reactions. The researchers attempt to find predictors for the development of exudative-inflammatory reaction after surgery. It led to study of the eyes immunological status. It is known that a change of the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines balance leads to the blood-ocular barrier dysfunction that increases the inflammatory reaction. It is interesting the blood-ocular barrier has already damaged in diabetic patients. The paper examines the epidemiology, pathogenesis and possible methods of prevention the postoperative cystoid macular edema, presents investigations describing the change in the local cytokine status in patients with diabetes and the association between cytokines concentrations and the severity of diabetic retinopathy. The manuscript has shown possibilities of multiplex analysis, emphasized the features of individual cytokines and angiogenic factors, highlighted cytokines as predictors of macular edema after cataract surgery. The study of the cytokines role in the development of ophthalmic pathology led to the creation the new pathogenetically oriented eye diseases therapy. Further studies of the cytokine status in patients with macular edema after phacoemulsification are needed to determine the possible treatment methods.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.