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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2019-1S-21-26</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-892</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>«Важные игроки» в развитии возрастной катаракты (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>“Important Players” in the Development of Age-Related Cataracts (Literature Review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исрафилова</surname><given-names>Г. З.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Israfilova</surname><given-names>G. Z.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-офтальмолог высшей категории 2-й микрохирургического отделенияул. Пушкина 90, Уфа, 450008, Российская Федерация</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>оphthalmologistPushkin str., 90, Ufa, 450008, Russia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Israfilova_gulnara@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУ «Уфимский научно-исследовательский институт глазных болезней Академии наук Республики Башкортостан»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ufa Eye Research Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>04</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>1S</issue><fpage>21</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Исрафилова Г.З., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Исрафилова Г.З.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Israfilova G.Z.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/892">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/892</self-uri><abstract><p>РЕЗЮМЕ Из-за катаракты миллионы людей по всему миру, особенно в пожилом возрасте, теряют зрение. Возрастная катаракта поражает примерно 37 млн человек в мире ежегодно, а в 51 % случаев именно она становится причиной слабовидения. Актуальной является важность идентификации факторов риска развития возрастной катаракты. Данный обзор литературы посвящен исследованиям, рассматривающим влияние различных факторов на развитие помутнения хрусталика. В работе приведены данные о влиянии возраста на развитие возрастной катаракты. Так, распространенность катаракты в возрасте 52–62 года составляет 5 %, в возрасте 60–69 лет — 30 %, в возрасте 70 лет и старше — 64 %. Освещены ее гендерные особенности: частота помутнений хрусталика у женщин значительно увеличивается с возрастом, причем ее появление совпадает с возникновением дефицита эстрогенов в климактерическом периоде. Отражены данные литературы о зависимости распространенности катаракты от расовой принадлежности (выявлена более высокая распространенность в различных азиатских популяциях по сравнению с населением западных стран). В данном обзоре показано также влияние образа жизни и вредных привычек на возникновение катаракты. Было установлено, что курильщики имеют повышенный риск возникновения именно ядерной катаракты и в меньшей степени — кортикального типа. Отмечено, что на развитие помутнения хрусталика оказывает влияние и количество употребляемого алкоголя, что увеличивает риск катаракты. Так, изучение отдельных типов катаракты показало, что употребление крепких напитков и вина связано с повышенным риском развития ядерных помутнений. Представлены результаты больших когортных исследований, в которых приводится (с использованием показателей отношения шансов и доверительного интервала) ассоциация катаракты с такими соматическими заболеваниями, как сахарный диабет, гипертоническая болезнь, а также с высоким индексом массы тела и приемом некоторых лекарственных препаратов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Millions people around the world, especially in old age, lose sight because of cataracts. The age-related cataract affects approximately 37 million people in the world annually, and in 51 % of cases, it is the cause of poor vision. Relevant is the importance of identifying risk factors for the development of age-related cataracts. This literature review is devoted to studies examining the influence of various factors on the development of lens opacities. The paper presents data on the effect of age on the development of age-related cataracts, so the prevalence of cataracts at the age of 52–62 years is 5 %, at the age of 60–69 years — 30 %, at the age of 70 and older — 64 %. Its gender features are highlighted — the frequency of lens opacities in women increases significantly with age, and its appearance coincides with the appearance of estrogen deficiency in menopause. Reflected literature data on the dependence of cataract prevalence on race (revealed a higher prevalence in various Asian populations compared with the population of Western countries). This review also had showed the influence of lifestyle and bad habits on the occurrence of cataracts. It was found that smokers have an increased risk of occurrence of a nuclear cataract and, to a lesser extent, the development of its cortical type. It is noted that the development of lens opacification is also influenced by the amount of alcohol consumed, increasing the risk of cataracts, so when studying individual types of cataracts, it is shown that the consumption of strong drinks and wine is associated with an increased risk of nuclear cloudiness. Presents data from large cohort studies that compare (using odds ratios and confidence intervals) the association of cataracts with such somatic diseases as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, also with body mass index and some medications.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>возрастная катаракта</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>эпидемиология</kwd><kwd>отношение шансов</kwd><kwd>доверительный интервал</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>age-related cataract</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>epidemiology</kwd><kwd>odds ratio</kwd><kwd>confidence interval</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bourne R.R., Stevens G., White R.A., Flaxman S., Mascarenhas M., Price H., Leasher J. 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