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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Офтальмология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ophthalmology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1816-5095</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-0845</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ophthalmology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18008/1816-5095-2019-2-163-168</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ophthalmology-949</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Перспективы применения ботулинического токсина в лечении косоглазия у детей. Обзор литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Prospects for the Botulinum Toxin Use in the Treatment of Children`s Strabismus. Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркова</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Markova</surname><given-names>E. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, заведующая отделом микрохирургии и функциональ‑ ной реабилитации глаза у детей,</p><p>Бескудниковский бульвар, 59а, Москва, 127486</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Head of the Department of Microsurgery and functional rehabilitation of children’s eye,</p><p>Beskudnikovsky Blvd, 59A, Moscow, 127486</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">markova_ej@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7959-4558</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубровина</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubrovina</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ординатор,</p><p>Бескудниковский бульвар, 59а, Москва, 127486</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident,</p><p>Beskudnikovsky Blvd, 59A, Moscow, 127486</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8474-8926</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Авакянц</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Avakyants</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ординатор,</p><p>Бескудниковский бульвар, 59а, Москва, 127486</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident,</p><p>Beskudnikovsky Blvd, 59A, Moscow, 127486</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малаян</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malayan</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, старший преподаватель кафедры офтальмологии,</p><p>ул. Корюна, 2, Ереван, 0025</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, assistant professor of the Department of Ophthalmology,</p><p>Koryun str., 2, Yerevan, 0025</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «НМИЦ «МНТК «Микрохирургия глаза» им. акад. С.Н. Федорова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафедра офтальмологии Ереванского государственного медицинского университета им. М. Гераци</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Department of Ophthalmology of Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>06</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>163</fpage><lpage>168</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Маркова Е.Ю., Дубровина К.А., Авакянц Г.В., Малаян Е.А., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Маркова Е.Ю., Дубровина К.А., Авакянц Г.В., Малаян Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Markova E.Y., Dubrovina K.A., Avakyants G.V., Malayan E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/949">https://www.ophthalmojournal.com/opht/article/view/949</self-uri><abstract><p>Обзор литературы представляет сведения, касающиеся использования ботулинического токсина в лечении косоглазия у детей; освещает вопросы безопасности его использования и частоты возникновения осложнений; содержит информацию о способах и дозах введения ботулотоксина, а также рассматривает случаи, при которых возникала необходимость последующего хирургического вмешательства. Известны несколько способов введения БТА: традиционный трансконъюнктивальный способ введения под контролем электромиографии, используемый большинством офтальмологов, неприемлемый при лечении пациентов детского возраста; трансконъюнктивальный в субтеноновое пространство в 10 мм от лимба в зону проекции медиальной прямой мышцы с помощью 1,0 мл туберкулинового шприца с иглой 27G; введение в мышцу со вскрытием конъюнктивы, что является более безопасным, проводится под полным визуальным контролем и с выделением экстраокулярной мышцы. Согласно данным, представленным в отечественной и зарубежной литературе, инъекция ботулинического токсина в лечении косоглазия у детей может стать альтернативой или дополнением хирургическим техникам или плеопто-ортопто-диплоптическому способам коррекции, хотя и не во всех клинических случаях. Подход к лечению таких пациентов должен быть комплексным. Есть сообщения, что BoNT-A уменьшает отклонение глаз более чем у 50 % пациентов и обеспечивает удовлетворительные долгосрочные результаты у младенцев и детей. Средняя безопасная доза для Ботокса составляет 1–3 ед. на мышцу. Частота осложнений возрастает при более высоких дозах (особенно &gt;10 ед.) и при трансконъюнктивальном способе введения без электромиографического контроля. Приведенный клинический пример иллюстрирует эффективность применения ботулинического токсина при лечении несодружественного косоглазия.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review presents information concerning the botulinum toxin use in the treatment of children`s strabismus; highlights aspects of the safety and the complications frequency. It contains information about the methods and doses of botulinum toxin injection, and also considers the cases of necessity of further surgery. There are several ways of introducing BTA: the traditional transconjunctival method of administration under the control of electromyography, used by most ophthalmologists, is not acceptable for treating pediatric patients, transconjunctivally into the subtenon space 10 mm from the limbus into the projection zone of the medial rectus muscle using a 1.0 ml tuberculin syringe with 27G needle, introduction to the muscle with the opening of the conjunctiva, which is safer, is carried out under complete visual control and with the release of extraocular muscle. According to the domestic and foreign literature data we can conclude that the injection of botulinum toxin may be an alternative or complement to surgical techniques, injection of botulinum toxin in the treatment of strabismus in children may be an alternative or complement to surgical and pleopto-orthopto-diploptic correction methods, although not in all clinical cases. The treatment approach of such patients should be comprehensive. There are reports that BoNT-A reduces eye deflection in more than 50 % of patients and provides satisfactory long-term results in infants and children. The average safe dose for Botox is 1-3 units for the muscle. The frequency of complications increases with higher doses (especially&gt; 10 units) and with the transconjunctival route of administration without electromyographic control. This clinical example illustrates the effectiveness of botulinum toxin for the non-concomitant strabismus treatment.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ботулинический токсин</kwd><kwd>хемоденервация</kwd><kwd>детское косоглазие</kwd><kwd>глазодвигательные нарушения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>botulinum toxin</kwd><kwd>chemodenervation</kwd><kwd>children strabismus</kwd><kwd>oculomotor disorders</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dhaked R.K., Singh M.K., Singh P., Gupta P. Botulinum toxin: bioweapon &amp; magic drug. Indian J Med Res. 2010;132:489–503.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dhaked R.K., Singh M.K., Singh P., Gupta P. Botulinum toxin: bioweapon &amp; magic drug. 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