The Effect of Age on the Indicator of Individual Norm of Intraocular Pressure

The screening method for determination of individual norm of IOP proved the efficiency for early glaucoma diagnosis and for the treatment and monitoring of a disease. Purpose: definition of compliance of IOP to individual norm or tolerant IOP (TIOP) in different age groups Patients and methods. 4212 women (65.6%) and 2205 men (34.4%) aged from 22 up to 80 years participated in a research. In total 12820 examinations were analyzed. At each patient the result of compliance of settlement TIOP to the available real oftalmotonus was estimated. Patients with excess of an oftalmotonus concerning TVGD up to 15% were carried to group with low risk of disease developing, with excess from 15 to 25% — with average risk, by more than 25% — with high risk of glaucoma development. All patients were divided into 3 groups depending on age: younger 40 years, with average age of 35 years (620 eyes); from 40 to 60 years, with middle age 54 years (2724 eyes); 60 years, with middle age are more senior 73 years. Results. The regularity consisting in decrease in an indicator of lack of risk of glaucoma with age and in increase in high risk of a disease in the senior age groups was revealed. For patients who entered into risk group, morfofunctional monitoring for the glaucoma exception, dynamic observation with the subsequent analysis of the received results through certain time was recommended. The obtained data confirm decrease in hemodynamic parameters of eyes with increase in age, and assessment of indicators of microcirculation of an eye with calculation of TIOP can be one of important diagnostic criteria for glaucoma diagnostics and monitoring.

1. Resnikoff S., Pascolini D., Etya’ale D, Kocur I., Pararajasegaram R., Pokharel G.P., Mariotti S.P. Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002. Bull World Health Organ. 2004;82:844–851. DOI: S0042-96862004001100009

2. Heijl A., Bengtsson B., Hyman L., Leske M.C. Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial Group. Natural history of open-angle glaucoma. Ophthalmology. 2009;116:2271– 2276. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.06.042

3. Coleman A.L., Miglior S. Risk factors for glaucoma onset and progression. Surv Ophthalmol. 2008;53 suppl 1:S3–S10. DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2008.08.006

4. De Moraes C.G., Juthani V.J., Liebmann J.M. Risk factors for visual field progression in treated glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 2011;129:562–568. DOI: 10.1001/ archophthalmol.2011.72

5. De Moraes C.G., Juthani V.J., Liebmann J.M., Teng C.C., Tello C., Susanna R. Jr, Ritch R. Predictors of long-term progression in the early manifest glaucoma trial. Ophthalmology. 2007;114:1965–1972.

6. Chauhan B.C., Mikelberg F.S., Balaszi A.G., LeBlanc R.P., Lesk M.R., Trope G.E. Canadian Glaucoma Study: 2. Risk factors for the progression of open-angle glau coma. Arch Ophthalmol. 2008;126:1030–1036. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.126.8.1030

7. The Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS): 7. The relationship between control of intraocular pressure and visual field deterioration. The AGIS Investigators. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;130:429–440.

8. Rao H.L., Addepalli U.K., Jonnadula G.B., Kumbar T., Senthil S., Garudadri C.S. Relationship between intraocular pressure and rate of visual field progression in treated glaucoma. J Glaucoma. 2013;22:719–724. DOI: 10.1097/IJG.0b013e318259b0c2

9. Stewart W.C., Kolker A.E., Sharpe E.D., Day D.G., Holmes K.T., Leech J.N., John son M., Cantrell J.B. Factors associated with long-term progression or stability in primary open-angle glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;130:274–279.

10. Bengtsson B., Heijl A. A long-term prospective study of risk factors for glaucomatous visual field loss in patients with ocular hypertension. J Glaucoma. 2005;14:135–138.

11. Wu S.Y., Leske M.C. Associations with intraocular pressure in the Barbados Eye Study. Archives of ophthalmology. 1997;115(12):1572–1576.

12. Klein B.E., Klein R., Linton K.L. Intraocular pressure in an American community. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science. 1992;33(7):2224–2228.

13. Leske M.C., Connell A.M., Schachat A.P. The Barbados Eye Study. Prevalence of open angle glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 1994;112:821–829.

14. Wensor M.D., McCarty C.A., Stanislavsky Y.L. The prevalence of glaucoma in the Melbourne Visual Impairment Project. Ophthalmology. 1998;105:733–739.

15. Ernest P.J., Schouten J.S., Beckers H.J., Hendrikse F., Prins M.H., Webers C.A. An evidence-based review of prognostic factors for glaucomatous visual field progression. Ophthalmology. 2013;120:512–519. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.09.005

16. Rossetti L., Digiuni M., Giovanni M. Blindness and glaucoma: a multicenter data review from 7 academic eye clinics. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0136632. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136632

17. Prata T.S., De Moraes C.G., Teng C.C. Factors affecting rates of visual field progression in glaucoma patients with optic disc hemorrhage. Ophthalmology. 2010;117:24–29.

18. Nouri-Mahdavi K., Hoffman D., Coleman A.L, Liu G., Li G., Gaasterland D., Caprioli J. Predictive factors for glaucomatous visual field progression in the Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study. Ophthalmology. 2004;111:1627–1635. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.02.017

19. Leske M.C., Heijl A., Hussein M., Bengtsson B., Hyman L., Komaroff E. Factors for glaucoma progression and the effect of treatment: the early manifest glaucoma trial. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003;121:48–56.

20. Leske M.C., Heijl A., Hyman L., Bengtsson B., Dong L., Yang Z.; EMGT Group. Predictors of long-term progression in the early manifest glaucoma trial. Ophthalmology. 2007;114:1965–1972. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.03.016

21. Stewart W.C., Kolker A.E., Sharpe E.D., Day D.G., Holmes K.T., Leech J.N., John son M., Cantrell J.B. Factors associated with long-term progression or stability in primary open-angle glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;130:274–279.

22. Shiose Y. Intraocular pressure: New perspectives. Surv. Ophthalmol. 1990;34:413– 435.

23. Shiose Y., Kawase Y. A new approach to stratified normal intraocular pressure in genera population. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 1986;101:714–721.

24. Lin H.Y., Hsu W.M., Chou P., Liu C.J., Chou J.C., Tsai S.Y., Cheng C.Y. Intraocu lar pressure measured with a noncontact tonometer in an elderly Chinese population: the Shihpai Eye Study. Archives of ophthalmology. 2005;123(3):381–386. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.123.3.381

25. Fukuoka S., Aihara M., Iwase A., Araie M. Intraocular pressure in an ophthalmo logically normal Japanese population. Acta ophthalmologica. 2008;86(4):434–439. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0420.2007.01068.x

26. Lee M.K., Cho S.I., Kim H., Song Y.M., Lee K., Kim J.I., Kim D.M., Chung T.Y., Kim Y.S., Seo J.S., Ham D.I., Sung J. Epidemiologic characteristics of intraocu lar pressure in the Korean and Mongolian populations: the Healthy Twin and the GENDISCAN study. Ophthalmology. 2012;119(3):450–457. DOI: 10.1016/j. ophtha.2011.09.016

27. Kass M.A., Zimmerman T.J., Alton E. Intraocular pressure and glaucoma in the Zuni indians. Arch. Ophthalmol. 1978;96:2212–2213.

28. Reddy R.S. Epidemiology ofglaucoma in Asia — Pacific. Yen. Ko. Hsueh Pao. 1992;8:21-24.

29. Klein B.E., Klein R., Spoissel W. E. Prevalence of glaucoma. The beaver dam eye study. Ophthalmology. 1992;99:1499–1504.

30. Klein B.E., Klein R., Linton K.L. Intraocular pressure in an American community. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science. 1992;33(7):2224–2228.

31. Han X., Niu Y., Guo X., Hu Y., Yan W., He M. Age-Related Changes of Intraocular Pressure in Elderly People in Southern China: Lingtou Eye Cohort Study. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 17;11(3):e0151766. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151766. eCollec tion 2016

32. Guedes G., Tsai J.C., Loewen N.A. Glaucoma and aging. Current aging science. 2011;4(2):110–117.

33. Wu S.Y., Leske M.C. Associations with intraocular pressure in the Barbados Eye Study. Archives of ophthalmology. 1997;115(12):1572–1576. Epub 1997/12/24

34. Аветисов С.Э., Мамиконян В.Р., Казарян Э.Э., Шмелева-Демир О.А., Мазурова Ю.В, Рыжкова Е.Г., Галоян Н.С., Татевосян А.А. Новый скрининговый метод определения толерантного внутриглазного давления. Вестник офтальмологии. 2009;125(5):3–7. [Avetisov S.E., Mamikonyan V.R., Kazaryan E.E., Shmeleva-Demir O.A., Mazurova Yu.V., Ryzhkova E.G., Galoyan N.S., Tatevosyan A.A. New screening method for determining tolerant intraocular pressure. Annals of Ophthalmology = Vestnik oftal’mologii. 2009;125(5):3–7 (In Russ.)].

35. Аветисов С.Э., Мамиконян В.Р., Казарян Э.Э., Шмелева-Демир О.А., Галоян Н.С., Мазурова Ю.В., Татевосян А.А., Рыжкова Е.Г. Результаты клинической оценки нового скринингового метода определения индивидуальной нормы внутриглазного давления. Вестник офтальмологии. 2010;126(2):5–8. [Avetisov S.E., Mamikonyan V.R., Kazaryan E.E., Shmeleva-Demir O.A., Galoyan N.S., Mazur ova J.V., Tatevosyan A.A., Ryzhkova E.G. The results of the new screening method for determining the individual norm of intraocular pressure clinical evaluation. Annals of Ophthalmology = Vestnik oftal’mologii. 2010;126(2):5–8 (In Russ.)].

36. Аветисов С.Э., Мамиконян В.Р., Казарян Э.Э., Шмелева-Демир О.А. Способ определения толерантного внутриглазного давления, Патент RU 2398554, 10.09.2010. [Avetisov S.E., Mamikonyan V.R., Kazaryan E.E., Shmeleva-Demir O.A. Method of tolerant intraocular pressure determination, Patent RU 2398554, 10.09.2010 (In Russ.)].