Aniridia, aphakia accompanied by retinal detachment: problem and its ways of solution

Purpose: Evaluation of the results of various treatment tactics of patients with post-traumatic retinal detachment pathology combined with aniridia and aphakia.

Patients and methods.The analysis of four clinical cases of surgical treatment of post-traumatic retinal detachment in conjunction with aniridia and aphakia was carried out. There was used a gradual approach of optic-reconstructive surgery: vitreoretinal stage by the standard method 23‑25 Ga with tamponade of vitreous cavity with silicone oil in two different ways. In one case, full eyeball tamponade was made, and in the other one it was made up to the diaphragm formed of polypropylene sutures. At the final stage — iridolenticular diaphragm was implanted (Reper-NN, Russia).

Results. In all cases, early postoperative reaction proceeded with the phenomena of fibrino-plastic iridocyclitis, which corresponded to the severity of the initial state and the volume of surgical intervention. Periods of observation of patients in the postoperative period ranged from 3 to 12 months. In three cases where the diaphragm was formed from polypropylene sutures there was noticed full retina adaptation, wherein silicone oil, introduced in the vitreous cavity, did not penetrate into the anterior chamber during the entire period of observation. In one case, where there was a complete eyeball tamponade with silicone oil epithelial and endothelial corneal dystrophy developed. Such an outcome of a clinical case, despite high functional results, is apparently related to the severity of the initial state, the need to re-intervention for recurrent retinal detachment and relatively early stages of iridolenticular diaphragm implantation.

Conclusion. Reconstructive surgery of posttraumatic aniridia and aphakia combined with retinal detachment requires a multistage approach. Reconstruction of anterior segment of the eye is preferably to carry out in long-term periods as after the trauma so after surgical treatment of retinal detachment. Choice of the method of eye cavity tamponade by silicone oil depends on the severity of the initial state, at that the formation of the diaphragm from polypropylene sutures provides longer tamponing by silicone, reduces the risk of postoperative complications.

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