Barley and Chalazion: A Modern Approach to the Problem. Literature Review

The relevance of studying the development of barley and chalazions is growing, as new high-tech treatments, including various physiotherapeutic procedures, are being developed in addition to standard treatment methods for these conditions. This literature review describes in detail the risk factors for developing these conditions, the mechanism of external and internal styes, primary and secondary chalazions, conservative and invasive treatments for barley and chalazions, and presents studies comparing the effectiveness of these treatments. The literature analysis presented in this review revealed that there are currently no clear indications for various treatment options, including both conservative treatments, which include anti-inflammatory medication and eyelid hygiene, and invasive treatments, which include long-acting corticosteroid injections and surgical chalazion removal. Clear indications for various types of physiotherapy treatments, depending on the time of chalazion development, have not been defined. To improve the effectiveness of barley and chalazions, larger studies are needed. They should include data about the age and gender of subjects, comorbidities, chalazion duration, treatment choice, and a longer post-treatment follow-up period. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed to determine the influence of chalazion size, structure, and duration on the choice of initial treatment.

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