Преимущества имплантации ИОЛ с увеличенной глубиной фокуса (EDOF) при катаракте, ассоциированной с возрастной макулярной дегенерацией

Актуальность. Катаракта и возрастная макулярная дегенерация (ВМД) — часто встречающаяся сочетанная патология у пациентов старшей возрастной группы. Выбор интраокулярной линзы (ИОЛ) у таких пациентов остается сложной задачей. Традиционно используемые монофокальные ИОЛ не удовлетворяют растущие запросы пациентов с ВМД на независимость от очков. Новая технология EDOF (extended depth of focus) занимает промежуточное положение между монофокальными и мультифокальными ИОЛ, обеспечивая расширенный диапазон зрения при минимальном количестве дисфотопсий.

Цель: на основе анализа литературных данных оценить преимущества имплантации линз EDOF у пациентов с катарактой, осложненной ВМД.

Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ публикаций в базах PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar.

Результаты. EDOF линзы демонстрируют высокую эффективность при оценке остроты зрения на дальнем и среднем расстоянии, сопровождаясь низкой частотой дисфотопсий у пациентов со здоровой сетчаткой. На ранних стадиях ВМД имплантация EDOF линз позволяет достичь удовлетворительных функциональных результатов, превосходящих показатели монофокальных ИОЛ. В то же время на поздних стадиях ВМД эффективность EDOF линз снижается пропорционально степени нарушения центрального зрения. Прогностическими факторами успеха являются исходная острота зрения, сохранность фовеолярной структуры по данным ОКТ и стабильное течение ВМД.

Заключение. Имплантация ИОЛ с увеличенной глубиной фокуса (EDOF линзы) пациентам с возрастной макулярной дегенерацией является перспективным направлением для исследований. Отсутствие крупных проспективных исследований и недостаточная изученность отдаленных результатов не позволяют ввести четкий алгоритм отбора изучаемой группы пациентов.

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