Anisometropia and Anisometropic Amblyopia (Literature Review)
https://doi.org/10.18008/1816-5095-2018-1-12-17
Abstract
To study the world literature (monographs and periodicals) regarding the frequency of anisometropia, its role in amblyopia development and prevalence of anisometropic amblyopia, its clinical and morphofunctional features, to reveal new aspects of etiology and pathogenesis.We have performed a literature review of Russian and foreign monographs and periodicals, internet resources. The paper presents statistical data regarding the wide prevalence of anisometropia (which manifests by asymmetry in the fellow eye and doesn’t reduce it, and anisometropia that leads to amblyopia), its classification and describes the alterations in the human organism that accompany anisometropia. It is shown that along with the sensory disorders which are peculiar to the other types of amblyopia, in anisometropic amblyopia we observe morphofunctional alterations that are special enough and differentiate anisometropic amblyopia from its other types. The paper describes the peculiarities of the retina and choroid in anisometropic amblyopia, revealed by means of optical coherence tomography and determining its specificity. Anisometropia is widely spread among children and adults. As a possible reason for visual acuity reduction, it is found in 1.0–2.3% of cases according to the different investigation data (the difference in refraction of both eyes of more than 1.5 D may become the reason
for amblyopia). Anisometropia of less than 1.5 D, i.e. one that does not lead to visual acuity reduction, is found almost in 50% of cases among unselected population. Therefore, further investigation of anisometropic amblyopia pathogenesis as well as of accompanying sensory, morphological and functional alterations is of great importance
About the Authors
O. L. Fabrikantov
The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Tambov branch; Derzhavin Tambov State University, Medical Institute
Russian Federation
MD, Director, the Head of ophthalmological department
Russian Federation
MD, Director, the Head of ophthalmological department
Yu. V. Matrosova
The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Tambov branch; Derzhavin Tambov State University, Medical Institute
Russian Federation
The Head of children’s department
Russian Federation
The Head of children’s department
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Review
For citations:
Fabrikantov O.L., Matrosova Yu.V. Anisometropia and Anisometropic Amblyopia (Literature Review). Ophthalmology in Russia. 2018;15(1):12-17. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18008/1816-5095-2018-1-12-17
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