The Complex Treatment Algorithm for Dry Eye Syndrome with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction. Combination of Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) with Eyelid Hygiene and Artificial Tears

dry eye syndrome, Meibomian gland dysfunction, eyelid hygiene, conjunctivitis, Intensive Pulse Light

1. Brzheskiy V.V., Egorova G.B., Egorov E.A. “Dry eye” syndrome and ocular surface disease: clinic, diagnostics, treatment. Moscow: GEOTAR‑Media, 2016:464. (In Russ.).

2. Nichols K.K., Foulks G.N., Bron A.J. The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: executive summary. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52(4):1922–1929. Published 2011 Mar 30. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10‑6997a

3. Lemp M.A., Crews L.A., Bron A.J., Foulks G.N., Sullivan B.D. Distribution of aqueous‑deficient and evaporative dry eye in a clinic‑based patient cohort: a retrospective study. Cornea. 2012;31(5):472–478. DOI: 10.1097/ICO.0b013e318225415a

4. Korb D.R., Blackie C.A. Meibomian gland diagnostic expressibility: correlation with dry eye symptoms and gland location. Cornea. 2008;27(10):1142–1147. DOI: 10.1097/ICO.0b013e3181814cff

5. Korb D.R., Blackie C.A. Restoration of meibomian gland functionality with novel thermodynamic treatment device‑a case report. Cornea. 2010;29(8):930–933. DOI: 10.1097/ICO.0b013e3181ca36d6

6. Maychuk Yu.F., Yani E.V. New treatments for blepharitis. Cataract and refractive surgery = Kataraktal’naya i refraktsionnaya khirurgiya. 2012;12(1):59–62 (In Russ.).

7. Maychuk Yu.F., Mironkova E.V. Classification of the meibomian gland dysfunction, combined with dry eye syndrome, pathogenetic approaches in complex therapy. Russian Medical Journal. Clinical Ophthalmology = Rossijskiy medicinskiy zhurnal. Klinicheskaya oftal’mologiya. 2007;8(4):169–172 (In Russ.).

8. Cuevas M., González‑García M.J., Castellanos E. Correlations among symptoms, signs, and clinical tests in evaporative‑type dry eye disease caused by Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Curr Eye Res. 2012;37(10):855–863. DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2012.683508

9. Vasilyeva O.V., Maychuk D.Yu., Pronkin I.A., Shоkirova M.M. Corneal ulcer associated with blepharitis, latent Herpes Simplex virus infection and dysbacteriosis of intestine in children (a case report). Fyodorov Journal of Ophthalmic Surgery = Oftal’mokhirurgiya. 2013;(2):85–88 (In Russ.).

10. Maychuk Yu.F. Pharmacotherapy of blepharitis. Russian Medical Journal. Clinical Ophthalmology = Rossijskiy medicinskiy zhurnal. Klinicheskaya oftal’mologiya. 2007;3:23–28 (In Russ.).

11. Sakhnov S.N., Yanchenko S.V., Rudashova A.S., Malyshev A.V. Non‑infectious chronic blepharitis pharmacotherapy. Ophthalmology in Russia = Oftal’mologiya. 2013;10(3):75–79 (In Russ.).

12. Prozornaya L.P., Brzheskiy V.V. Efficacy of physiotherapy and hygienic procedures in treatment of adults and children with chronic blepharitis and dry eye syndrome. Annals of Ophthalmology = Vestnik oftal’mologii. 2013;129(3):68–73 (In Russ.).

13. Qazi Y., Kheirkhah A., Blackie C., Clinically Relevant Immune‑Cellular Metrics of Inflammation in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018;59(15):6111–6123. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18‑25571

14. Safonova T.N., Zabegaylo A.O., Fedorov A.A., Lukicheva O.V. New method of treatment for chronic blepharitis associated with dry eye syndrome. Annals of Ophthalmology = Vestnik oftal’mologii. 2014;130(1):73–78 (In Russ.).

15. Polunin G.S., Zabegaylo A.O., Makarov I.A., Safonova T.N., Polunina E.G. Efffectiveness of therapeutic eyelid hygiene in the treatment of patients with blepharococojunctival dry eye syndrome. Annals of Ophthalmology = Vestnik oftal’mologii. 2012;1:37–40 (In Russ.).

16. Polunin G.S., Zabegaylo A.O., Makarov I.A., Safonova T.N., Polunina E.G., Zhemchugova A.V., Alieva A. The efficiency of tear substitute therapy at dysfunction tear basic secretion. Ophthalmology in Russia = Oftal’mologiya. 2012;9(3):93–97 (In Russ.).

17. Barabino S., Rolando M., Camicione P. Systemic linoleic and gamma‑linolenic acid therapy in dry eye syndrome with an inflammatory component. Cornea. 2003;22(2):97–101. DOI: 10.1097/00003226‑200303000‑00002

18. Toyos R., Toyos M., Willcox J., Mulliniks H., Hoover J. Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Intense Pulsed Light Treatment with Meibomian Gland Expression of the Upper Eyelids for Dry Eye Disease. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg. 2019;37(9):527–531. DOI: 10.1089/photob.2018.4599

19. Rong B., Tang Y., Tu P. Intense Pulsed Light Applied Directly on Eyelids Combined with Meibomian Gland Expression to Treat Meibomian Gland Dysfunction. Photomed Laser Surg. 2018;36(6):326–332. DOI: 10.1089/pho.2017.4402

20. Geerling G., Tauber J., Baudouin C. The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: report of the subcommittee on management and treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52(4):2050–2064. Published 2011 Mar 30. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10‑6997g

21. Baudouin C., Messmer E.M., Aragona P. Revisiting the vicious circle of dry eye disease: a focus on the pathophysiology of meibomian gland dysfunction. Br J Ophthalmol. 2016;100(3):300– 306. DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol‑2015‑307415

22. Sakhnov S.N., Yanchenko S.V., Malyshev A.V., Blyagoz Z.M., Klimenova G.A. Dry eye treatment optimization in patients prior to refractive surgery. Russian ophthalmological journal = Rossiyskiy oftal’mologicheskiy zhurnal. 2018;11(4):87–95 (In Russ.).

23. Guillon M., Maissa C., Wong S. Symptomatic relief associated with eyelid hygiene in anterior blepharitis and MGD. Eye Contact Lens. 2012;38(5):306–312. DOI: 10.1097/ICL.0b013e3182658699

24. Peral A., Alonso J., García‑García C., Niño‑Rueda C., Calvo Del Bosque P. Importance of Lid Hygiene Before Ocular Surgery: Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Eyelid and Conjunctiva Microbiota. Eye Contact Lens. 2016;42(6):366–370. DOI: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000221

25. Lane S.S., DuBiner H.B., Epstein R.J. A new system, the LipiFlow, for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction. Cornea. 2012;31(4):396–404. DOI: 10.1097/ICO.0b013e318239aaea

26. Doan S., Chiambaretta F., Baudouin C.; ESPOIR study group. Evaluation of an eyelid warming device (Blephasteam) for the management of ocular surface diseases in France: the ESPOIR study. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2014;37(10):763–772. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2014.06.004

27. Greiner J.V. Long‑term (12‑month) improvement in meibomian gland function and reduced dry eye symptoms with a single thermal pulsation treatment. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2013;41(6):524–530. DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12033

28. Greiner J.V. Long‑Term (3 Year) Effects of a Single Thermal Pulsation System Treatment on Meibomian Gland Function and Dry Eye Symptoms. Eye Contact Lens. 2016;42(2):99–107. DOI: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000166

29. Papageorgiou P., Clayton W., Norwood S., Chopra S., Rustin M. Treatment of rosacea with intense pulsed light: significant improvement and long‑lasting results. Br J Dermatol. 2008;159(3):628–632. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365‑2133.2008.08702.x

30. Toyos R., McGill W., Briscoe D. Intense pulsed light treatment for dry eye disease due to meibomian gland dysfunction; a 3‑year retrospective study. Photomed Laser Surg. 2015;33(1):41–46. DOI: 10.1089/pho.2014.3819

31. Fitzpatrick T.B. The validity and practicality of sun‑reactive skin types I through VI. Arch Dermatol. 1988;124(6):869–871. DOI: 10.1001/archderm.124.6.869

32. Korb D.R., Blackie C.A. Meibomian gland therapeutic expression: quantifying the applied pressure and the limitation of resulting pain. Eye Contact Lens. 2011;37(5):298–301. DOI: 10.1097/ICL.0b013e31821bc7c5

33. Olson M.C., Korb D.R., Greiner J.V. Increase in tear film lipid layer thickness following treatment with warm compresses in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction. Eye Contact Lens. 2003;29(2):96–99. DOI: 10.1097/01.ICL.0000060998.20142.8D

34. Nelson J.D., Helms H., Fiscella R., Southwell Y., Hirsch J.D. A new look at dry eye disease and its treatment. Adv Ther. 2000;17(2):84–93. DOI: 10.1007/BF02854841