Роль витрэктомии в лечении диабетической ретинопатии

Диабетическая ретинопатия представляет собой медико-социальную проблему из-за высокого риска инвалидизации пациентов работоспособного возраста. Существуют три основных патогенетически обоснованных метода лечения осложнений диабетической ретинопатии: лазерная коагуляция сетчатки, фармакотерапия (интравитреальные инъекции ингибиторов ангиогенеза, стероидных препаратов) и витреоретинальная хирургия. В настоящее время отсутствует четкое понимание своевременности проведения витрэктомии, большинство руководств рекомендует прибегать к витреоретинальной хирургии только при развитии осложнений пролиферативной стадии диабетической ретинопатии, однако к этому моменту нередко уже происходит стойкая утрата зрения. Стремительные темпы развития витреоретинальной хирургии позволяют проводить оперативное вмешательство в более ранние сроки и предотвратить потерю зрительных функций. Таким образом, появились предпосылки к определению показаний к проактивному оперативному лечению осложнений диабетической ретинопатии.

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