Исследование потенциала стволовых клеток в регенерации поврежденных структур глаза. Обзор

Цель данного исследования заключалась в анализе роли стволовых клеток в терапии офтальмологических заболеваний с акцентом на регенерацию роговицы и лечение дегенеративных состояний сетчатки. Для этого был проведен всесторонний обзор публикаций из ряда баз данных, таких как MEDLINE, PubMed, и Web of Science. Материалы и методы. Основное внимание уделялось критическому анализу научных работ, связанных с использованием стволовых клеток в офтальмологии. Были сформулированы критерии включения, охватывавшие различные типы научных публикаций, включая клинические испытания и метаанализы. Результаты. Анализ показал, что стволовые клетки, особенно лимбальные, обладают высоким регенеративным потенциалом в восстановлении эпителия роговицы. Мезенхимальные стволовые клетки также демонстрируют возможность трансформации в эпителиальные клетки, хотя механизм остается до конца не ясным. Исследование показало, что различные типы стволовых клеток повышают прозрачность роговицы и улучшают зрение пациентов. Выводы. Несмотря на обнадеживающие результаты, остаются вопросы, связанные с этическими и технологическими аспектами применения стволовых клеток, особенно в контексте аллогенных трансплантаций. Результаты исследования подчеркивают необходимость дальнейших исследований для улучшения методов трансплантации и дифференцировки стволовых клеток. Это может привести к разработке более безопасных и эффективных видов лечения пациентов с офтальмологической патологией.

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