Ячмень и халязион. Современный взгляд на проблему. Обзор литературы

Актуальность изучения особенностей формирования ячменя и халязиона возрастает с каждым днем, так как помимо стандартных методов лечения открываются новые высокотехнологические методы лечения данной патологии, включая различные физиотерапевтические процедуры. В настоящем обзоре литературы подробно описаны факторы риска развития вышеуказанной патологии, механизм формирования наружного и внутреннего ячменя, первичного и вторичного халязиона, консервативные и инвазивные методы лечения ячменя и халязиона, представлены исследования, направленные на сравнение эффективности данных методов лечения. Анализ данных литературы, представленных в настоящем обзоре, показал, что в настоящее время отсутствуют четкие показания для различных видов лечения, как для консервативных, к которым относят лекарственную противовоспалительную терапию и гигиену век, так и для инвазивных, к которым относят инъекции пролонгированных кортикостероидов и хирургические методы удаления халязиона. Не определены четкие показания для проведения различных видов физиотерапевтического лечения в зависимости от срока формирования халязиона. Для повышения эффективности лечения ячменя и халязиона необходимы более масштабные исследования, включающие данные о возрасте и поле субъектов, сопутствующих заболеваниях, продолжительности халязиона, выборе лечения и более длительном периоде наблюдения после лечения. Необходимы также дальнейшие исследования с большим размером выборки, чтобы определить влияние размера, структуры и продолжительности существования халязиона на выбор начального лечения.

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