“Important Players” in the Development of Age-Related Cataracts (Literature Review)
https://doi.org/10.18008/1816-5095-2019-1S-21-26
Abstract
Millions people around the world, especially in old age, lose sight because of cataracts. The age-related cataract affects approximately 37 million people in the world annually, and in 51 % of cases, it is the cause of poor vision. Relevant is the importance of identifying risk factors for the development of age-related cataracts. This literature review is devoted to studies examining the influence of various factors on the development of lens opacities. The paper presents data on the effect of age on the development of age-related cataracts, so the prevalence of cataracts at the age of 52–62 years is 5 %, at the age of 60–69 years — 30 %, at the age of 70 and older — 64 %. Its gender features are highlighted — the frequency of lens opacities in women increases significantly with age, and its appearance coincides with the appearance of estrogen deficiency in menopause. Reflected literature data on the dependence of cataract prevalence on race (revealed a higher prevalence in various Asian populations compared with the population of Western countries). This review also had showed the influence of lifestyle and bad habits on the occurrence of cataracts. It was found that smokers have an increased risk of occurrence of a nuclear cataract and, to a lesser extent, the development of its cortical type. It is noted that the development of lens opacification is also influenced by the amount of alcohol consumed, increasing the risk of cataracts, so when studying individual types of cataracts, it is shown that the consumption of strong drinks and wine is associated with an increased risk of nuclear cloudiness. Presents data from large cohort studies that compare (using odds ratios and confidence intervals) the association of cataracts with such somatic diseases as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, also with body mass index and some medications.
About the Author
G. Z. Israfilova
Ufa Eye Research Institute
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
оphthalmologist
Pushkin str., 90, Ufa, 450008, Russia
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88. Ezzati M., Zhou B., Bentham J., Zimmermann E., Cisneros J.Z. Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants. International Journal of Epidemiology.2018;47(3):872–883i. DOI: 10.1093/i je/dyy016
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91. Lindblad B.E., Hakansson N., Philipson B., Wolk A. Alcohol consumption and risk of cataract extraction: a prospective cohort study of women. Ophthalmology. 2007;114:680–685. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.07.046
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93. Klein B.E., Klein R., Lee K.E., Meuer S.M. Socioeconomic and lifestyle factors and the 10-year incidence of age-related cataracts. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003;136:506–512.
94. Schaumberg D.A., Glynn R.J., Christen W.G., Ajani U.A., Stürmer T., Hennekens C.H. A prospective study of blood pressure and risk of cataract in men. Annals of Epidemiology. 2001;11(2):104–110. DOI: 10.1016/S1047-2797(00)00178-2
95. Gong Yu, Feng Kehong, Yan Ning, Xu Yong, Pan Chen-Wei. Different Amounts of Alcohol Consumption and Cataract: A Meta-analysis. Optometry and Vision Science. 2015;92(4):471–479.
96. Weintraub J.M., Willett W.C., Rosner B. A prospective study of the relationship between body mass index and cataract extraction among US women and men. Int J Obes. 2002;26(12):1588–1595.
97. Harding J.J., van Heyningen R. Drugs, including alcohol, that act as risk factors for cataract, and possible protection against cataract by aspirinlike analgesics and cyclopenthiazide. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 1988;72(11):809–814.
98. Schaumberg D.A., Glynn R.J., Christen W.G., et al. Relations of body fat distribution and height with cataract in men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72(6):1495–1502.
99. Ritter L.L., Klein B.E., Klein R., Mares-Perlman J.A. Alcohol use and lens opacities in the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Arch. Ophthalmol. 1993;111(1):113–117.
100. Bikbov M., Kazakbaeva G., Jonas J.B., Fayzrakhmanov R. Worldwide trends in body-mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: A pooled analysis of 2416 population-based measurement studies in 128·9 million children, adolescents, and adults. The Lancet. Oct 10, 2017.
101. Manson J.E., Christen W.G., Seddon J.M. A prospective study of alcohol consumption and risk of cataract. Am. J. Prev. Med. 1994;10(3):156–161.
102. Leske M.C., Wu S.Y., Nemesure B. Risk factors for incident nuclear opacities. Ophthalmology. 2002;109(7):1303–1308.
103. Cumming R.G., Mitchell P., Leeder S.R. Use of inhaled corticosteroids and the risk of cataracts. N.Engl.J.Med. 1997;337(1):8–14. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199707033370102
104. Limaye S.R., Pillai S., Tina L.U. Relationship of steroid dose to degree of posterior subcapsular cataracts in nephrotic syndrome. Ann. Ophthalmol. 1988;20(6):225–227.
105. Chasan-Taber L., Willett W.C., Seddon J.M., Stampfer M.J., Rosner B., Colditz G.A., A prospective study of alcohol consumption and cataract extraction among U.S. women. Ann. Epidemiol. 2000;10(6):347–353.
106. Skalka H.W., Prchal J.T. Effect of corticosteroids on cataract formation. Arch. Ophthalmol. 1980;98(10):1773–1737.
107. Li L., Wan X.H., Zhao G.H. Meta-analysis of the risk of cataract in type 2 diabetes. BMC Ophthalmol. 2014;14:94. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-14-94
108. Smeeth L., Boulis M., Hubbard R., Fletcher A.E. A population based case-control study of cataract and inhaled corticosteroids. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2003;87(10):1247–1251.
109. Becker C., et al, Cataract in patients with diabetes mellitus — incidence rates in the UK and risk factors. Eye. 2018. DOI: 10.1038/s41433-017-0003-1.
110. Klein B.E., Klein R., Lee K., Grady L.M. Statin use and incident nuclear cataract. JAMA. 2006;295(23):2752–2758. DOI: 10.1001/jama.295.23.2752
111. Kanthan G.L., Mitchell P., Burlutsky G., Wang J.J. Fasting blood glucose levels and the longterm inci- dence and progression of cataract — the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Acta Ophthalmol. 2011;89(5):434–438. DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2011.02149.x
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Review
For citations:
Israfilova G.Z. “Important Players” in the Development of Age-Related Cataracts (Literature Review). Ophthalmology in Russia. 2019;16(1S):21-26. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18008/1816-5095-2019-1S-21-26
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