Роль апоптоза в патогенезе глаукомного поражения зрительного нерва при первичной открытоугольной глаукоме. Обзор литературы

Обзор посвящен вопросу исследования молекулярных механизмов программированной клеточной гибели или процессу апоптоза при первичной открытоугольной глаукоме. В качестве одного из главных патогенетических факторов при данной патологии выступает потеря ганглиозных клеток сетчатки. Их гибель происходит вследствие апоптоза — сложно регулируемого, программируемого суицидального механизма. Рассмотрены два основных пути апоптоза, которые описаны в литературе — Fas-опосредованный и Bcl-2‑зависимый или митохондриальный. Представлено существование этих путей и их регуляторов во многих органах и тканях, в том числе, в сетчатке и зрительном нерве. На основании анализа отечественной и зарубежной литературы отражен современный взгляд на этапы развития данного процесса при глаукоме. Глубокое понимание механизмов реализации апоптоза и их регуляции может способствовать разработке новых фармакологических методов профилактики и лечения глазных заболеваний.

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