Общие и офтальмологические проявления герпесвирусных инфекций

РЕЗЮМЕ    Герпесвирусы представляют большую группу ДНК-содержащих вирусов, вызывающих разнообразные заболевания у человека. Стремительное развитие медицины и последние достижения в вирусологии позволили достоверно определить основополагающую роль герпесвирусных инфекций в этиопатогенезе целого ряда заболеваний. В настоящей статье приводятся сведения о восьми вирусах группы герпеса — вирусах простого герпеса 1 и 2 типов, Эпштейна-Барр,  цитомегаловирусе, розеоловирусах 6 и 7 типов и о герпесвирусе, ассоциированном с саркомой Капоши. Данный обзор посвящен основным вопросам эпидемиологии, вирусологии и клинической симптоматики заболеваний и патологических состояний, как общего, так и офтальмологического характера, вызываемых герпесвирусами или ассоциированных с ними. Почти все население в мире инфицировано вирусами этой группы. Первичное инфицирование человека большинством герпесвирусов происходит в детском или раннем взрослом возрасте. Герпесвирусные инфекции
поражают нейроны, эпителиальные или лимфоидные клетки и персистируют на протяжении всей жизни человека в латентной форме. Реакцивация вируса в организме человека может проявляться рядом заболеваний с разнообразной клинической картиной: от бессимптомного носительства до тяжелых  жизнеугрожающих состояний и смертельных заболеваний — особенно у  иммунокомпрометированных пациентов. В обзоре также приведены данные о герпесвирусных заболеваниях глаз — о переднем и заднем увеитах, а также об остром некрозе сетчатки, которые клинически могут проявляться различной  симптоматикой, что существенно осложняет диагностику этих состояний. На практике обнаружение вирусной ДНК в тканях и средах глаза посредством ПЦР-диагностики представляет трудновыполнимую задачу. Таким образом,  описанные в обзоре результаты последних исследований свидетельствуют о необходимости разработки новых подходов в диагностике и лечении пациентов с герпесвирусными заболеваниями.

герпесвирусы, вирус простого герпеса, вирус ветряной оспы, вирус Эпштейна-Барр, цитомегаловирус, розеоловирус, увеит, ретинальный некроз, полимеразная цепная реакция

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