Purpose: Functional results analysis of ophthalmologic help system for premature infants, which includes the full cycle of early revelation, treatment and regular medical check-up activities for patients with ROP in Central region of Russia.
Methods: Fields for ROP screening were performed in premature infants medical care units by clinic specialists. Infants with re- vealed ROP were directed to Kaluga Branch of IRtC «Eye Microsurgery» for detailed diagnostic examination and subsequent treatment and monitoring.
Results: In 2003-2011 454 fields in Kaluga, tula, Bryansk, and Orel regions were made. 8861 infants were examined. ROP was found in 1834 infants (20.7%). 823 different interventions for infants with active ROP were performed: 737 retinal lasercoagulations, 3-ports vitrectomy — 72, lensvitrectomy — 14. the total efficacy of the treatment was 92.9%.
Conclusion: the ophthalmologic help system for premature infants in Central region of Russia combines all directions from de-
tailed diagnostic to hich-technology treatment. It allows to reproduce one all over the Russian Federation territory.

Purpose: to study the diversity of the clinical spectrum and prevalence of hereditary ophthalmopathology child population in 12 districts of the Rostov region.
Methods: We conducted an epidemiological study of hereditary ophthalmopathology population of the Rostov region. the popula- tion surveyed 12 districts of the region — 497460 people, including 97345 children (0-18 years). Regardless of age for the selection of patients used the original protocol of genetic-epidemiological studies, developed over 30 years ago, in Genetic Epidemiology Labora- tory Medical Genetic Research Center.
Results: In the group of the child population identified 84 patients from 72 families. the most commonly diagnosed congenital cataract various forms (36.1%), congenital horizontal nystagmus (18.0%), monogenic defects eyes (15.6%), congenital ptosis (15.6%), hereditary retinal dystrophy (9, 6%). the overall prevalence of hereditary eye diseases among the adult population was 2.42±0.25, children 8.63±0.94 to 10,000 people.
Conclusion: Conducting genetic epidemiology studies will improve eye health and medical genetic care.

the article studied the performance of primary disability as a result of pathology of the vision in different age groups of the population of St. Petersburg in 2006-2010 years. to analyze of disability, depending on age and disability groups.

Development of late microvascular complications — diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy — in type 2 diabetic pa- tients is associated with higher invalidization risk and lethality. Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in people of work- ing age in developed countries. Classical approach to diabetic retinal damage pathogenesis is widened and considered at the molecular level in terms of cell interactions during angiogenesis. In this literal review the actual epidemiological data is presented along with the
role of angiogenic factors in diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy pathogenesis.

Purpose: to investigate therapeutic effectiveness of several new pharmacotherapeutic agents for dry eye disease (DED) of various severity and ethiological factors.
Methods: there were 72 patients under observation with dry eye disease divided into three groups. Group I-DED mild stage 1, Group II-DED stage 2, moderate stage with secondary damage after adenoviral eye infection. Group III-DED, stage 3, severe damage associated with meibomian gland dysfunction. Diagnostics — subjective symptoms, biomicroscopic data and diagnostic tests were assessed and scored: Schirmer test, Norn test, rose bengal and fluorescein staining, OCt assessment of tear meniscus, tear osmolar- ity measurement. the following agents were used as basis therapy in various algorithms: Visine Pure tears or Artificial tear, Hilabak, VitA-Pos and adjunctive anti-infective and anti-inflammatory therapies if needed.
Results: Positive therapeutic effect was achieved in all patients. Subjective symptoms and diagnostic test results improved from the first day.
Conclusion: Clinical signs improvement and positive trends in diagnostic test results were seen in all of the three groups of variousseverity and ethiology. there was an effort put in every group to personalize pharmacotherapies.

Purpose: to evaluate the efficacy of agent Hylomax-Сomod in the postoperative period of Laser Epithelial Keratomileusis (LASEK).
Methods: In 60 eyes (30 patients) was performed excimer laser vision correction by LASEK. According to study patients were randomized into 2 groups. Patients of the Group I have been treated by the standard protocol of medical support. Patients of the Group II along with the standard regimen were recieved Hylomax-Сomod.
Results: On the 2nd day after the excimer laser correction for 63.3% had patients of Group I had complete epithelialization of the ablation zone, the rest — a slight defect in the optical zone that recovered for 3-4 days. In Group II 80% of patients was determined by complete epithelialization of the ablation zone, the remaining 20% of patients went to a slight defect in the third day, which is 17% lower than that of patients in group I.
Conclusion: Hylomax-Сomod promotes rapid healing of the ablation zone, reduce the risk of complications.

The actual problem of the modern ophthalmology is prevention of postoperative infectious complications. the efficacy of the drug Okomistin ® was studied in 500 patients after cataract surgery. A scheme for the use of the Okomistin in pre- and postoperative period is proposed. the results of the study showed that Okomistin was effective in the prevention of postoperative infection, including
patients with local or systemic allergic reaction in their past history.

Purpose: to evaluate the effect of levoflaxacin 0.5% eye drops/Signicef® (Promed Exports, India) for prevention of infectious complications following ocular traumas and intraocular surgery as well as infectious disorders treatment.
Methods: In retrospective analysis were included 102 cases of different ophthalmic pathologies following intraocular surgery, i.e., phacoemulsification (27 cases), extracapsular cataract extraction (40 cases), intravitreal injection/IVt of Lucentis (23 cases), abscess/phlegmon drainage (3 cases). Levofloxacin 0.5% (Signicef® Eye Drops) was prescribed according to a scheme before and following ocular surgery for prevention and treatment of infectious complications.
Results: No infectious complications following eye surgery or IVt were observed.
Conclusion: Signicef® use as antibacterial mono-medication is reasonable and sufficient for prevention of post-op infectious
complications as well as ocular traumas and infectious corneal disorders treatment.

Purpose: to analyze the effect of eyelid hygiene and therapy on early post-op period following excimer laser refractive surgery.
Methods: 144 patients (288 eyes) aged 18-57 yrs who underwent excimer laser vision correction (LASIK) were followed. All patients were divided into two groups depending on therapy. In treatment group (70 patients/140 eyes), eyelid hygiene was prescribed 7 days before and 7 days again following refractive surgery for 1 or 2 months. In control group (74 patients/148 eyes), no eyelid hygiene was prescribed.
Results: Complex method of eyelid hygiene and therapy was developed that consisted in eyelid margins self-massage using Blepharogel 1 or Blepharogel 2 and warm compresses using Blepharopads impregnated with Blepharolotion. When using in combina- tion with antibacterial and tear replacement therapy, this method provides significant decrease in infectious complications rate and effective recovery of tear production in early post-op period following excimer laser surgery. these observations are confirmed by the dynamics of clinical, functional and subjective parameters.
Conclusion: 7-days eyelid hygiene and therapy course that is prescribed immediately before and following laser vision correction
provides multi-factorial effect, i.e., reduces post-op inflammatory complications rate and increases tear film stability.

Purpose: Development and an assessment of efficiency of a technique of phakic intraocular lenses (FIOL) at cataract phacoemul- sification.
Methods: 25 FIOL, a pupillary lens RSC-3, a posterior chamber lens, production of MNtK, Russia, and posterior chamber lens ICL S4 StAAR were removed. Before complex surgical intervention (FIOL + phacoemulsification) were carried out standard ophthalmo- logic examination, and also automatic detection of density of endothelial cells.
Results: the developed technique of removal of FIOL included subconjunctival anesthesia, formation of a corneal tunnel, filling of the anterior chamber viscoelastic, FIOL mobilization, removal of the bottom haptic element in the anterior chamber, removal of the top haptic element in the of anterior chamber, FIOL removal. In the early postoperative period in 8% transitory hypertensia was observed, in one case (4%) cornea hypostasis developed. In 92.4% of cases of the maximal visual acuity with correction was corresponded to the planned. Loss of endothelial cells after operation made 4.8% that in full corresponds to standard loss of cells after not complicated phacoemulsification.
Conclusion: the technique of removal of FIOL developed as part of this research allows enough effectively and to carry out safely
to patients surgical treatment of the complicated cataract with a phakic intraocular lenses explantation.

Purpose: to evaluate the side effects of light in patients after implantation of IOLs of different models.
Methods: the study involved 192 patients (216 eyes) operated for cataract (3 groups of patients). the average age of patients was 63±0.78 years. Follow-up was 12 months. the first group included 63 patients (72 eyes) after cataract extraction and implantation of the national refractive-diffractive trifocal IOL MIOL-Record 3. the second group included 64 patients (70 eyes) after cataract extraction and implantation of domestic bifocal IOL refractive-diffractive MIOL-Acсord. the third group consisted of 65 patients (74 eyes) after cataract extraction and IOL implantation domestic monofocal MIOL-2. the postoperative questionnaire (using a detailed oral interview) was conducted after 1 week, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. the patient is asked about the presence of these light effects: flashes of light, circles of light scatter at the sight of the light source, flash, glitter, glimmer, blindingly bright light.
Results: At 2.77% (2 patients) of cases in patients with MIOL-Record 3 in a detailed survey in the postoperative period revealed light effects. In patients with MIOL-Accord and MIOL-2 light effects were 2.85% (2 patients) and 1.35% (1 patient). the difference between the groups was not statistically reliable.
Conclusion: this study found no statistically significant increase of side light effects in patients with multifocal IOLs compared
with monofocal IOLs.

Purpose: to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of proposed method for staining with trypan blue anterior lens capsule in cases with small and rigid pupils.
Methods: the safety and effectiveness of the proposed method was evaluated in 169 cases having small and rigid pupils of III and IV grade. Surgical steps included: irrigation of anterior chamber with small amount of air, enough to block the pupil; irrigation of posterior chamber with little amount of dye followed by aspiration of air bubble. the excess dye came out and stained the capsule in pupillary area.
Results: No difficulty was encountered in irrigating the posterior chamber with dye. Uneven staining of the capsule was noticed in 16 cases (9.5%). In 3 cases (1.8%) extensive staining of iris and posterior capsule was observed. Continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis was performed successfully in 97.6% cases. In 4 cases there was radial run of the rhexis extending up to posterior capsule. Postopera- tive inflammation of 1st and 2nd degree was observed in 5.9 and 23.1% cases, which was related to unavoidable trauma to iris tissue during pupil stretching.
Conclusion: the proposed method of capsule staining in cases with small and rigid pupils is safe and effective.

Purpose: to investigate the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and the macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) in patients with Alzheimer`s disease and mild cognitive impairment.
Methods: this study included 10 patients (20 eyes) with Alzheimer`s disease, 10 patients with mild cognitive impairment and 10 age- and sex-matched healthy controls that had no history of dementia. All the subjects underwent psychiatric examination, including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and complete ophthalmological examination, comprising optical coherence tomography and scanning laser polarimetry.
Results: there was a significant decrease in GCC thickness in patients with Alzheimer`s disease compared to the control group, global loss volume of ganglion cells was higher than in control group. there was no significant difference among the groups in terms of RNFL thickness. Weak positive correlation of GCC thickness and MMSE results was observed.
Conclusion: Our data confirm the retinal involvement in Alzheimer`s disease, as reflected by loss of ganglion cells. Further studies will clear up the role and contribution of dementia in pathogenesis of optic neuropathy.

Purpose: to study the antioxidant activity of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and timolol fixed combinations and to compare it with other fixed combinations.
Methods: Antioxidant activity (AOA) of dorzolamide/timolol (Cosopt), dorzolamide/timolol (Dorzopt Plus), latanoprost/timolol, brimonidine/timolol, travoprost/timolol and bimatoprost/timolol fixed combinations was measured in vitro using the model of oxida- tive hemolysis.
Results: Dorzolamide/timolol (Cosopt) AOA was higher than that of other fixed combinations and increased with the quantity of the drugs added to the model system: 40%, 52% and 75% in 30 μl, 60 μl and 90 μl respectively.
Conclusion: these findings suggest that dorzolamide/timolol fixed combination has potential advantages over the other fixed combinations due to its high antioxidant activity and might be used as the neuroptotective agent for glaucoma treatment.

A comprehensive echographic study of the orbit using an immersion environment, including high-gray-scale scanning, echo densitometry, volumetric ultrasound scan and color Doppler mapping in 19 patients with post-traumatic subatrophy and 7 patients with congenital microphthalmia. Found that low rates of eye prosthesis in anophthalmia in the late periods is due to insufficient volume of the musculoskeletal stump; if in the orbit exist a reduced in size eye (anteroposterior axis of 10.0 mm or more), the using of prosthesis does not develop deformation of the facial skeleton; the visualization of bloodstream in the great vessels at 2nd — 3rd stages of
subatrophy and microphthalmia testifies the preservation of blood supply of the structures of the eye and orbit, presence of trophic.