In this article, authors present the new terminology and classification one of wide-spread ophthalmologic diseases is syndrome
dry eye.

Purpose: to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the immunosuppressive therapy for severe forms of non-infections uveitis and retinovasculitis.
Methods: 107 patients (62 males and 45 females aged 9 to 54 years) who received low dose methotrexate — 7.5-20 mg once a week (n=79) cyclosporine A 3.5-5.0 mg/kg/d (n=21) with prednisone or other antimetabolites and local corticosteroid therapy for severe forms of inflammatory eye diseases.
Results: the efficacy of methotrexate as monotherapy was 51.8% of patients with chronic uveitis. Control of acute inflammation was achived in 71.1% patients, who received methotrexate in combination with prednisolone. Cyclosporine A was more effective in controlling inflammatory of the eye: remission of uveitis was achived in 85.7% in combination with glucocorticoids. No significant side effects have been noted.
Conclusion: Methotrexate and cyclosporine A with low dose of prednisolone are well tolerated immunosuppressive agents and
rather effective in the treatment of non-infectious uveitis and retinovasculitis that fails to respond to conventional steroid treatment.

Purpose: to determine efficiency of Proteflazidum in treatment of herpetic uveitis.
Methods: 87 eyes of 78 patients, suffering by different forms herpetic uveitis were studied. In I (control) group (41 eyes) applied traditional treatment. In II (basic) group (46 eyes) as a part of complex therapy applied Proteflazid inside. Carrying out Immunoenzyme analysis of blood and polymerase chain reaction studies with conjunctival scrapings in dynamics of treatment herpetic cornea inflam- mation, has been allowed to estimate objectively efficiency of spent therapy and degree cure of patients.
Results: the combined treatment by a preparation of Proteflazidum and Ganciclovir for eye herpetic infection promotes stabiliza- tion of infectious process at early stages with preservation and improvement of visual functions (93.5%), to lengthening of the periods of remission (957%), normalization laboratory given (97.6%) and immunological indicators (94.9%). Data of IFA, PCR and immunogram blood in the treatment of herpetic uveitis can objectively evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy and the degree of cure of patients.
Conclusion: Сomplex treatment of herpetic uveitis with drug Proteflazidum is more effective than traditional treatment regimen.

The hygienic complex for the eyelids and magnetic field actions were studied in the prophylactic and treatment of the blepharocon- junctival form of dry eye. It was placed the actions with tear’s substitute and antibacterial eye drops got to disappears of the symptoms, restorations of the tear film and improvement quality of live. the hygienic complex involved all eyelids glands but did not injure the
eyelids and did not pain in the eyes.

Purpose: to evaluate the effectiveness of artificial tears use, particularly Ophtolique eye drops in cases of allergic conjunctivitis.
Methods: 2 groups (30 patients each) with allergic conjunctivitis and complains for tearing were observed. Shirmer and Norn tests, lissamine and fluorescein staining were performed weekly during 21 day period. All patients were receiving standard anti-allergic treatment, but in 2-nd group the artificial tears were administered.
Results: Mean time for allergic symptoms cure in 1-st group were — 16 days, fluorescein staining was 2.5 points, lissamine stain- ing was 4.8 points. 7 patients still had complains on tearing an foreign body feeling. In 2-nd group time of symptoms reveal was 13 days, fluorescein staining was 1.0 points, lissamine staining was 5.0 points. 3 patients had some complains.
Conclusion: the inclusion of artificial tears in therapy of allergic conjunctivitis reduces the time of therapy and provides better
regeneration of the cornea.

Purpose: to describe of a new effective method of combined treatment of patients with primary open- angle glaucoma with mod- erately elevated intraocular pressure and cataract.
Methods: Studies have been conducted among 30 patients (30 eyes) from 46 to 85 years with a combination of cataract of varying degrees of maturity and open-angle glaucoma of different stages. In addition to the standard techniques there were used special clini- cal and functional methods of research: optical cogerent tomography of the anterior segment of the eye Visante OCt (Carl Zeiss, Ger- many), glaucomatous cupping and thickness of nerve fibers study using confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope HRt II (Heidelberg Engineering, Germany). In accordance with the target patients were divided into 2 groups: the basic group consisted of 15 patients (15 eyes) aged 63 to 76 years with primary open angle glaucoma of 1-2 stages and cataracts of varying degrees of maturity. In both groups there was performed the ultrasonic phakoemulsification of the lens on the phakoemulsificator Infinity (Alcon, US).
Results: the analysis of intraocular pressure measurements showed that among patients from I and II group eye pressure had a downward trend in the early postoperative period, however, the average dynamics of reduction of the intraocular pressure in the group of patients where phakoemulsification and vacuum trabeculoplasty ab interno performed was higher than in the control group. In the gonioscopy of the corner of the anterior chamber the clinical presentation remained stable throughout the period of observation. In the postoperative period among patients in the main observation group according to OCt it was noted changing the depth of the anterior chamber of eye towards its increase by an average of 1.39 mm, as well as increasing the angle of the anterior chamber at an average of 9.98.
Conclusion: Phakoemulsification with IOL implantation combined with vacuum trabeculoplasty ab interno is not more, but even less traumatic than the methods of surgical treatment of cataract and glaucoma. It has been established and proven that the depth of anterior chamber of eye changes towards its increase, as well as the distension of the angle of the anterior chamber among all the patients who had surgery of cataract phakoemulsification combined with the vacuum trabeculoplasty ab interno.

Purpose: to examine the efficacy and safety of arcuate incisions using a femtosecond laser for the treatment of astigmatism at patient with a thin cornea.
Methods: this retrospective study included 10 eyes of 6 patients after astigmatical keratotomy (AK). Preoperatively and 1, 3, 6 months after surgery, a full ophthalmic examination was performed. AK was done using the Femtec 520F fs laser system (technolas Perfect Vision). Pre- and postoperative complete ophthalmic examination including uncorrected and best spectacle corrected visual acuity, corneal topogra- phy Zyotix (Bausch&Lomb), OCt (Optovue) was done.
Results: Mean preoperative astigmatism was 3.75±0.51 D, thickness was 470 ± 26 μm, BCVA was 0.74 ± 0.12. At all patients the high visual acuity, corresponding the maximal visual acuity with correction before operation has been achieved. three months after surgery UCVA was 0.65±0.25, BSCVA was 0.85±0.15 with –0.55±0.25 D SE. Postoperative subjective manifest cylinder was mean –0.75±0.5 D, topographic astigmatism was mean 1.25±0.5 D. Full neutralisation corneal astigmatism is reached in 70%. No intraoperative or postoperative adverse events were seen during the follow-up period.
Conclusion: thus, spending АК cuts with precision accuracy on depth, the form and length by FS laser, we considerably reduce risk of operational complications. Also substantially we raise clinical accuracy, safety and efficiency of the given method in correction corneal astigmatism, in comparison with classical tangential keratotomy. In clinical situations when the thickness of a cornea does not allow to spend safely and effectively excimer laser ablation the given technology is, as a matter of fact, a unique variant of possible correction astigmatism.

Purpose: to compare surgical approaches, features of the postoperative period and functional results of conventional and opti- mized crosslinking techniques.
Methods: We followed 2 groups of patients (10 patients, 10 eyes each), treated in Volgograd branch of the S.N. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Clinic for kerotoconus of the II-III degree according to the conventional method (I group) and the optimized technique (II group). the optimized technique consisted of the customized excimer laser corneal deepitalization to the depth of 2/3 of the epithelial layer. Excimer laser ablation with intraoperative «on-line» pachymetry was made by means of Schwind Amaris-500 Hz (Schwind, Germany).
Results: Method of the optimized crosslinking with a customized depth of excimer laser ablation required a longer period for satu- ration of the cornea with solution of riboflavin (mean 5-10 minutes). However, it was accompanied with a less severe corneal syndrome, a complete reepithelization and an earlier postoperative recovery of visual functions. Six months postoperatively a 1-2-line improve- ment of BCVA and UCVA was achieved in 19 patients (19 eyes). Decrease of cylindrical component averaged 1.2 D in the group I and 1 D in the group II. Mean refraction change in SE was 2.2 D in the group I and 2.0 D in the group II. Six months postoperatively one patient from the group II had a 1-line regression of BCVA in comparison to the preoperative level accompanied with a 10 μm corneal thinning and corneal curvature steepening by 2 D at the top of keratoconus, which was regarded as an aggravation of initial state.
Conclusion: Both approaches have proved their safety and effectiveness. However, incurrence of the above-mentioned case of state deterioration calls for the further comparative studies in order to evaluate clinical effectiveness of these methods.

Purpose: to determine of the surgical approach at patients with traumatic retinal detachment complicated by absence of an irido- lenticular diaphragm.
Methods: One-stage surgical treatment with use retention sutures at the patient with traumatic retinal detachment which have resulted a contusion of an eyeball, complicated by rupture on ceratotomic to notches with loss iris and a crystalline lens.
Results: Carrying out retention sutures in surgery traumatic retinal detachment complicated by absence of an irido-lenticular diaphragm provides correct position of silicone in vitreal cavities.
Сonclusion: Retention sutures at the patient with traumatic retinal detachment at absence of an irido-lenticular diaphragm prevent
a silicone exit in the anterior chamber and development typical complications connected with it.

Purpose: to identify factors associated with early detection of choroidal neovascularization CNV in clinical practice.
Methods: Seventy six AMD patients who had history of CNV in one eye and presented with CNV in the second eye and evaluated for association with visual acuity (VA) at time of presentation. Demographics, clinical data and lesion characteristics were retrospectively collected.
Results: Better VA was associated with history of CNV in the fellow eye (p<0.0001), adherence to follow-up every four-months (p=0.015), younger age (p=0.03), smaller lesion (p<0.0001), and non-subfoveal localization (p=0.048). VA of the fellow eye did not correlate with VA at presentation with CNV.
Conclusion: these data suggest that experience of CNV, regardless of VA, facilitates early diagnosis in the fellow eye. Adherence to follow-up in the routine clinic setting also facilitates early detection of CNV.

Based on dynamic monitoring of 133 premature infants (266 eyes) with aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), digital retinoscopy and computer morphometry the disease clinical and morphometric features were revealed and systematized, and their consecutive replacement was fixed. As a result the separate classification of aggressive posterior disease was worked up. In ag- gressive posterior ROP course the next consecutive stages were marked out: subclinical, early clinical appearances stage, manifesta- tion stage, developed, advanced and terminal stages. the peculiarity of early clinical appearances stage and manifestation stage is the
presence of types: favourable and unfavourable.

Purpose: to analyze clinical polymorphism of endocrine ophthalmopathy in patients with Graves’ disease.
Methods: Clinical and radiological data of 18 cases with clinical manifestations of lacrimal gland increase were analyzed and compared with data retrieved from 50 patients without increasing of lacrimal gland.
Results: the characteristics of clinical manifestations of endocrine ophthalmopathy with lacrimal gland increase were presented. this form differs, as the organ of the target, along with orbital fat and/or eye muscles becomes the glandula lacrimalis. A correlation between fact involving, on the one hand, and the intensity and severity of the autoimmune process in orbit, on the other hand were identified.
Conclusion: Involvement of this secretion organ in the autoimmune process makes the clinical course of endocrine ophthalmopa-
thy more complicated, and leads to eye dry syndrome creation.

We observed 73 patients with anophthalmos with different types of intraorbital implants, and subatrophy of the globe. For three- dimensional ultrasound image of the orbit we used a new immersion substation on the basis of compressed polyvinyl alcohol, which was placed between the probe and the eyelids, excluding «dead zone». Acoustic density of the orbital structure and orbital blood flow
were estimated.

In experiment on fresh enucleated eyes with large tumors it was shown that a new method of electrochemical lysis with original combined positioning of electrodes for intraocular tumors treatment provides a minimal traumatic impact and total destruction of tumor tissue at electrodes encirclement. Superficial electrode allows to aim the electrochemical destruction at hole tumor basis. the combination of the both superficial and intratumoral electrodes gives an opportunity to minimize a scleral injury in tumor basis scleral projection. Further examination on alteration of both intratumoral electrode injection depth and quantity of electricity in combination
with bioimpedancemetry might it possible for regulation of morphological changes in tumor structure.

For the first time in Russia there is presented dynamics of a 1-, 3-, 5- and 10-year survival of patients with malignant tumors of the eye and adnexa (С69). Survival rates are estimated according to sex, age groups, stage and histological tumor types. It is separately analysed dynamics of a 5-year observed and relative survival of patients with choroids (C69.3) of the eye as compared to the aver- age — European levels of Eurocare-3 and Eurocare-4 programs. It is showed substantial increase of survival rates for the comparable
periods of observations.