Purpose: to make a comparison of the corneal flap parameters after the FemtoLASIK procedure using femtolaser systems Femto Visum (Russia) and Femto LDV Z6 (Switzerland).

Patients and methods. The study was carried out in 192 eyes from 192 patients with mild and moderate myopia who had undergone  FemtoLASIK prodecure. Group 1 (Femto Visum) included 98 eyes (n  = 98) on which flap were formed using femtolaser Femto Visum  (“Optosystems”, Russia), group 2 (Femto LDV Z6) included 94 eyes (n = 94) and Femto LDV Z6 was used (“Ziemer Ophthalmic  Systems AG”, Switzerland). The Femto Visum and Femto LDV Z6  groups were comparable in terms of pre-operative data (age, sex,  corneal curvature, central corneal thickness, sphere, cylinder,  spherical equivalent) (p > 0.05). The intended flap thickness was  100 μm and diameter was 9.0 mm in both groups. One month after  surgery the achieved flap thickness in the horizontal and vertical  meridians (14 measurement points) and the flap diameter in the  horizontal meridian were measured using Visante OCT (Carl Zeiss,  Germany), also we determined the shape of the flap and the mean  deviation of the values from morphometric parameters of the corneal flap relative to the intended values.

Results. In group 1 (Femto Visum), the total average thickness of  the flap was 98.89 ± 3.96 μm with the mean deviation 2.91 ± 2.91  μm, the mean flap diameter was 8.96 ± 0.13 mm with the mean  deviation 0.11 ± 0.07 mm, in group 2 (Femto LDV Z6) the same  parameters were 99.11 ± 3.89 μm, 2.99 ± 2.64 μm and 8.91 ± 0.14 mm, 0.13 ± 0.10 mm, respectively. The configuration of the corneal  flap was uniform in both groups. For all studied parameters it was no any statistically significant differences between studied groups (p >  0.05, Student’s t-test).

Conclusions. The Femto Visum and Femto LDV Z6 femtolaser systems allow to shape the uniform and highly predictable corneal  flap morphometric parameters, similar measurements were obtained from both systems.

Рurpose. Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of the original procedure for fixing the posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) after phacoemulsification of cataracts (FEC), complicated by the violation of capsular lens support.

Patients and Methods. 194 patients were examined after FEC,  complicated by a capsular lenticular impairment. They were divided  into 3 groups. In the main group (OG, 64 eyes) the IOL was sutured  with an original technique, fundamentally different method, there  nodes formed at the ends of the filaments were fixed in the layers of the cornea. In 2 controls groups, there the traditional IOL under  the scleral flap (K1, 68 eyes) was performed and the IOL was  attached to the iris (K2, 62 eyes). A comprehensive examination of  the patients’ vision state included an evaluation of clinical, functional and subjective indicators.

Results. The lowest total probability of postoperative complications development was noted in OG (6.4%) compared to K2 and K1  (16.0–17.7%). The overall probability of changing the positions of  the IOL in the exhaust gas is 6.4%, which is significantly lower than  in the K2 (9.6%) and K1 (14.6%) groups. The developed method in  comparison with the traditional methods of fixation provides a higher level of patient’s quality of life (by 10.2–11.7%, p < 0.05)  and functional indicators associated with the brightness and contrast sensitivity of the eye.

The conclusion. The developed technique provides, in comparison with the traditional, a higher level of safety and functionality of IOL fixation.

Purpose: а comparison of the results of epimacular fibrosis surgical treatment with vitrectomy and without it.

Patients and methods. Two groups of patients with epimacular  fibrosis have been compared. The first group — 20 patients (20  eyes), epiretinal membrane was removed without vitrectomy. The  second group (30 patients — 30 eyes), epiretinal membrane was  removed after subtotal vitrectomy. Control of visual acuity was  monitored, as well as intraocular pressure, the retinal thickness in  the Central zone, and the thickness of the nerve fiber layer of the  retina in different sectors. Sensitivity of the retina macular zone was  determined by using microperimetry Maia, and peripheral zones  were determined with the help of computer perimeter, Humpfrey.  The patients were examined before surgery and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after it.

Results. The average duration of surgery was 8 minutes in a group without vitrectomy and 32 minutes in a group of subtotal vitrectomy. 6 patients from 20 in the group of ERM removal without vitrectomy  had a relapse of fibrosis found in terms of 3 to 6 months. The groups showed a comparable improvement in visual acuity and  photosensitivity of the central retina, as well as a decrease of retina  thickness. There was a significant increase in IOP by 1.6 mmHg in  the group of subtotal vitrectomy. Statistically significant changes in  the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were recorded only in temporal sector, and they were significantly more pronounced in subtotal  vitrectomy group (–15.95 and –22.47 microns respectively). In  absolute terms, the decrease in the sensitivity of the peripheral zone of retina was more pronounced in the group of subtotal vitrectomy,  intergroup differences were reliable.

Conclusion. Direct comparison of the two methods demonstrated their comparable effectiveness in terms of influencing the visual  acuity and light sensitivity of the macula. Remove the ERM without  vitrectomy does not affect the peripheral visual field and intraocular  pressure, in contrast to the removal of the ERM after Subtotal  vitrectomy. ERM removal without vitrectomy entails a high risk of  recurrence, which indicates significant limitations of intervention and the impossibility of widespread use of this method.

Purpose: to carry out a comparative analysis of refractive outcomes and features during preoperational calculation of the biplanar intraocular lens (IOL) with iridocapsular and iridovitreal fixation.

Patients and methods. Study included the analysis IOL model RSP-3 implantation after phacoemulsification cataract surgery with  subluxated lens grade 2. Analyzed 309 eyes of 304 patients with iridocapsular (n = 44) (ICF) and iridovitreal fixation (n = 265)  (IVF). In both groups IOL power was calculated with use of A- constant (118.2) recommended by manufacturer. Mean period of  examination was 6 months. To count optimized A-constant in both  groups we used next data: IOL power and axial length before  surgery, keratometry, spherical equivalent and IOL effective position  during 6 months after surgery.

Results. In group with ICF postoperative refraction was achieved ± 0,5 D in 10 cases (23%), in group IVF — in 29 cases (11%). Mean  value of optimized A-constant for IOL model RSP-3 in groups with  ICF and IVF were 117.2 ± 1.18 (114.0–120.8) and 116.9 ± 1,89  (109.6 до 123.6). There were no statistically significant difference  between compared groups (p = 0.46).

Conclusion. Use of A-constant recommended by manufacturer do  not allow achieving target refraction in most cases. Mean values of  biplanar IOL A-constant counted for ICF and IVF were 117,2 and  116,9 respectively, what should be taken into account during IOL  power count, according to its fixation method.

Purpose. Currently cataract surgery is a high-tech procedure that is usually performed on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia. To  perform anesthesia, novocaine, lidocaine, bupivokaine, and others  are used. The recently published articles suggest a ropivacaine as a  new anesthetic in ophthalmology. In connection with this, the  purpose of the present paper was to study the efficacy of ropivacaine in subtenon anesthesia with Phaco.

Patients and methods. We have examined 318 patients (318 eyes) with age-related cataracts, which have been operated by Phaco on  the “Infinity” (“Alcon”) device using standard methods. During the  operation, 156 patients have been under subtenon anesthesia by  administering 1.5 ml of ropivacaine solution (0.75 mg/ml). 162  patients underwent subtenon anesthesia with 1.5 ml of a 1%  solution of lidocaine. The distribution of patients by groups was  carried out using a random number generator. 

Results. 144 patients did not feel pain during the operation. Among them, most patients were anesthetized with ropivacaine (68%). Only 32% of patients operated with lidocaine anesthesia did not feel pain  (p < 0.05). Ropivacaine anesthesia had pain intensity averaged 2.1  ± 1.6 points, median 2 points (1–2), lidocaine –3.1 ± 1.5 points,  median 3 points (2–4) (U = 4,714, p < 0.001). The risk of pain  syndrome when using lidocaine in comparison with ropivacaine is  twice as high. We have found that the intensity of pain during Phaco  surgery did not have gender and age differences. There was no  dependence of the pain syndrome on the predominant type of  cataract — cortical (n = 181) or nuclear (137) ((χ2 = 1.066, p =  0.302), as well as the cataract stage.

Pregnant women are objects of special medical attention due to the fact that the new life — the life of her child — depends on the health  and quality of life of the future mother. Pregnancy is a physiological  load. It makes temporary changes in the functional state of all  organs and systems, including the organ of vision. This study was  aimed at identifying risk factors for the occurrence of disturbances in the tear-producing system — dysfunction of the Meibomian glands  and/or dry eye syndrome (SSH), as well as to develop recommendations for compensating of disturbance. The  study showed that physiological pregnancy does not affect to the  condition of the ocular surface in case of absence of dry eye  syndrome manifestations and Meibomian gland dysfunction before  pregnancy. However, there is a predisposition for the development of the symptom complex of dry eye syndrome — a reliable decrease  Schirmer test indicators of the test of in the group of pregnant  women, it requires preventive control, — reduction in the mode of  wearing contact lenses, which are a risk factor for the development  of dry eye syndrome. It was determined that in vitro fertilization  (IVF) affects to the condition of the ocular surface, namely, on the  occurrence of dysfunction of Meibomian glands and dry eye  syndrome, and is accompanied by corresponding complaints. There  is a direct correlation between the duration of gestation, age  indicators, the severity of complaints and their relationship to  pregnancy. A direct was established, with a noticeable tightness of  communication, between taking thyrotrophic drugs and complaints  on dryness and discomfort. Therefore, special attention should be  given to pregnant patients taking thyrotrophic medications and using contact lenses, since both of these factors provoke the development  of the dry eye symptom complex. Patients with IVF pregnancy and  accompanied by taking thyrotrophic drugs are recommended to limit  the mode of wearing contact lenses, in case of complaints on  dryness, discomfort, it is necessary to conduct therapeutic and  prophylactic effects in the form of non-conserved tear-replacement  therapy and eyelid hygiene. Timely diagnosis and subsequent  prevention of Meibomian glands and dry eye syndrome in pregnant  women will improve the quality of life of this patients group and  prevent the development of complications related to this condition.

Purpose: to study the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity.

Patients and methods. 642 preterm infants born before 30 weeks  gestation with the weight less 1500 grams were examined. The  study included: indirect ophthalmoscopy; digital retinoscopy; calibrometry of retinal vessels; dopplerography;  analysis of partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the  capillary blood. 

Results. The first phase of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)  occurred due to the immaturity of the mechanisms of autoregulation  of the blood flow and the inadequate reaction of immature retinal  vessels to oxygen. It was established: the less gestational age of a  child, so there are less mechanisms of autoregulation of  hemodynamics. The perverse reaction of autoregulation leads to  pronounced arteriospasm, increasing the zone of hypoxia, and  triggering pathological angiogenesis. In morphologically immature  children, arteriospasm of retina vessels is more often detected, and  narrowing degree of vessels is higher. Arteriospasm is defined in 82  % of children born at the age of gestation from 25 to 27 weeks, in  67 % — at a period from 28 to 29 weeks, in 54 % — from 30 to 32  weeks. In children with ROP in the preclinical period of the disease,  retinal angiospasm is noted at values of pO2 in capillary blood less  then 40 mm Hg or exceeding the upper limit of the norm values of  pCO2 (the norm values of pO2 are 40–60 mmHg, pCO2 are 35–45  mm Hg). Autoregulation of blood flow is immature and inadequate.  In the group before 30 weeks of post-conceptual gestational age  without development of ROP, a spastic reaction of retinal arteries  was revealed at the background of subnormal pO2 values in capillary  blood. Biochemical autoregulation of blood flow is still  immature. But from the 30 week of post-conceptual gestational age  arteriospasm of retina is formed at values of pO2 of 45 mm Hg or  higher (p < 0.05). The normal caliber of retinal arteries in children  without development of ROP is revealed at the background of mean  values of pO2 below 45 mm Hg and values of pCO2 below 42 mm Hg before 30 weeks of post-conceptual gestational age, and above 45  mm Hg from the 30th week of post-conceptual gestational age. In children without ROP from 30 weeks of gestational age biochemical  autoregulation of blood flow functions. It is important the degree of  an angiospasm for the development of ROP. Dopplerographic critical  index of blood flow disturbance in the ophthalmic and anterior cerebral arteries has been established — the index of resistance (IR)  exceeding 0.8. It is a precursor of the development of ROP and pathological angiogenesis. In the group of children with ROP, the IR  of the anterior cerebral artery is 0.84 ± 0.02 (in av.). The IR of the  ocular artery was 0.83 ± 0.03. In higher index (up to 0.9–1), the  process in the eye was more active.

Purpose: to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of a wide range of lubricant eye drops on the epithelial cells of the cornea in vitro.

Materials and methods. The objects of the study were 11 moisture eye drops with various preservatives and 9 moisture eye drops without preservatives. As a test-system permanent transformed cell  lines of corneal epithelial (HCEC) were used. The cytotoxicity of the  “artificial tears” was assessed by the viability of the cells, cultured in substratum containing the solutions of the evaluated eye drops.

Results. The most toxic for corneal epithelial cells among the  moisture eye drops with preservatives were Lacrisifi, Slezin,  Hypromelose-P and Ophtolique®. Close to them in toxicity were  Cationorm®, Artelac® Balance and Optiv®. Eye drops Styllavit,  Systane® Ultra and Blink® contacts showed moderate toxicity.  Vismed® Light from the group of eye lubricants with preservatives  did not exert a cytotoxic effect on the cells in vitro, as well as the  non-preserved eye lubricants Hyabak®, Thealoz®, Thealoz Duo®  and EvoTears™. Cytotoxic effect on corneal epithelial cells was  detected for Hylozar Comod® and Hylo® Fresh eye drops, despite  the absence of preservatives in them.

Conclusion. The study showed a principal possibility of using in vitro systems for comparative evaluation of the cytotoxic effects of various medicines with a purpose of a rational choice of moisture eye drop.

Purpose: to develop the optimal (safe and effective) method of diamond burr polishing of Bowman’s membrane (DBPBM) for the possible use it in the treatment of the recurrent corneal erosion syndrome (RCES) in the experiment.

Material and methods. DBPBM in different modifications of the  method and the mechanical deepithelization were performed in  experiment on 19 human cadaver eyes. We use system Ophtho-Burr  for DBPBM that includes a tip and ophthalmic burrs with diameter  1mm, 2.5 mm, 5 mm, varying the speed of rotation of burr. For 3  eyes — polishing with the application of burr with a diameter of 5  mm, the rotation frequency of 4000 rpm using 2 passes over the  surface of the cornea. For 3 eyes — burr with a diameter of 2.5 mm,  rotation frequency of 4000 rpm in 2 perpendicular passes. For 3 eyes — diameter burr 1 mm at speed of 8000 rpm in 2 perpendicular  passes. For 3 eyes — diameter burr 1 mm at speed 4000 rpm with 4  passes along the surface of the cornea. For 4 eyes — diameter was 1 mm at speed of 4000 rpm in 2 perpendicular passes. For 3 the eyes  was conducted mechanical deepithelization. Subsequent histopathological investigation of the cornea was  performed by method of semi-thin section, with polychrome staining.

Results. The obtained results of histological studies of DBPBM in  different versions on cadaver cornea is allowed to choose the optimal variant of surgical intervention for use in clinical conditions. It  consisted in a selection of burr with a diameter of 1 mm, the rotation frequency of the 4000 rpm and 2 perpendicular passes with a  moderate compression of the cornea. The abovementioned technique of intervention allows removing completely the corneal epithelium  with a basal membrane and save uniform in thickness, fully  deepitelizationed Bowman’s membrane.

Conclusion. Careful and accurate removal of dysplastic corneal epithelium in cases of the recurrent corneal erosion syndrome using  proposed method in clinical conditions should contribute to the  creation optimal environments for adequate reepithelization with  steady epithelial-stromal adhesion. The remaining nearly intact  Bowman’s membrane after procedure can prevent some postoperative complications such as haze and induced refractive disorders.

Purpose: to study the cytological, immunological and antiviral effects of the HILOPARIN-KOMOD® drug in vitro.

Material and methods. We used transplantable cultures of normal cells of the human Chang conjunctiva, and the kidney cells of the Vero monkeys. The cytotoxic effect of the HILOPARIN-KOMOD® was  determined by the effect on the cell viability, and by optical density  (OP) of the monolayer of the Chang conjunctiva cell culture using the enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) with MTT. The effect of the drug on  the functional activity of conjunctival cells was evaluated by the  production of cytokines at the level of their in vitro transcription. The antiviral effect of the drug HILOPARIN-KOMOD® was studied on  the Vero cell line infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV type 2 (HSV-2). The viral activity of HSV-1 and HSV-2  and the antiherpetic effect after the drug was evaluated by  polymerase chain reaction (PCR). 

Results. No significant cytotoxic effect on the metabolism of conjunctival cells of the preparation HILOPARINKOMOD ® in  dilutions from 1/2 to 1/2048 was revealed (in comparison with the  control). The effect of the drug in dilutions of 1/40 and 1/1000 on  the culture of the conjunctival cells resulted in suppression of the  production of interferon λ-1 mRNA (IFNλ-1) and IFNλ-2 mRNA  compared to the control. In the dilution of preparation 1/1000, the  production of mRNA of interleukin-6 (IL-6) was not revealed with  simultaneous presence of IL-10 mRNA. In different dilutions of the  drug, the number of copies of HSV-1 virus DNA decreased in  comparison with the control in all cases, the greatest antiviral effect  was achieved in a 1: 2 dilution. The effect of the preparation  HILOPARIN-KOMOD® on the culture of cells infected with HSV-2 in  dilutions of 1: 2 and 1: 5 led to a decrease in the level of viral replication by 300 and 40 times, respectively.

The conclusion. The drug HILOPARIN-KOMOD® has an anti-inflammatory effect that manifests itself in suppressing the synthesis of the mRNA of the acute phase proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 and  stimulating the production of anti-inflammatory IL-10 mRNA, without having a cytotoxic effect on conjunctival cells. The proven antiviral  effect of the drug makes it possible to recommend the inclusion of  HILOPARIN-KOMOD® in the scheme of therapy of patients with viral 
ophthalmopathology.

Object: Optimization of treatment in early stages of combined fundus pathology diabetic retinopathy (DR without DME) and dry type of age-related macular degeneration (AMD AREDS I, II, III).

Patients and methods: 120 people (150 eyes). Study group 1 (SG1) — control 60 people. (60 eyes); study group 2 (SG2) — 30  people. (30 eyes) — DRI without DME and AMD AREDS I, II, III)  treatment: 1 year with angioprotective calcium dobezilate (Doxi- Hem®) dose of 500 mg 3 after 6 months, 500 mg once a day for 6  months and at the same time 1 year antioxidant agent (Retinorm) 1  capsule 3 times a day; study group 3 group (SG3) 30 people. (30  eyes) — with DRO and dry type of AMD (AREDS I, II, III) 1 year  Retinorm 1 capsule 3 times a day; study group 4 (SG4) with DRI  without DME — 30 people. (30 eyes) 1 year Doxi-Hem®. Monitoring: monthly standard ophthalmologic examination, control of diabetes  mellitus (HbA1C) compensation, VEGF-A vascular endothelial growth  factor in tear.

Results. Visual acuity increased on the background of treatment in  all three groups (IG2,3,4): in SG2 from 0.72 ± 0.02 to 0.87 ± 0.02,  p < 0.05; the thickness of the retina decreased from 290.2 ± 2.1 to  268.85 ± 2.2 μm, p < 0.05, the photosensitivity increased from 21.0 ± 0.2 to 25.1 ± 0.2 dB p < 0.05; in the tear VEGF-A to 415.4 ± 4.6  pg/ml, p < 0.05. In SG3, visual acuity increased from 0.74 ± 0.02 to  0.88 ± 0.02, p < 0.05; the thickness of the retina decreased from 287.7 ± 2.0 to 272.8 ± 2.2 μm (р < 0.05); increased photosensitivity from 21.3 ± 0.2 to 24.5 ± 0.2 dB, p < 0.05; in the  VEGF-A slip to 416.6 ± 5.0 pg/ml, p > 0.05. In IG4 visual acuity  increased from 0.70 ± 0.02 to 0.78 ± 0.02, p < 0.05; the thickness  of the retina decreased from 288.1 ± 4.4 to 280.1 ± 2.4 μm, р <  0.05; the photosensitivity increased from 21.2 ± 0.2 to 23.2 ± 0.2 dB; VEGF-A up to 415.9 ± 3.8 pg/ml, p > 0.05.

Conclusion. Combined therapy of angioprotective (Doxi-Hem®) and antioxidant therapy (Retinorm) with timely appointment at early dry  stages of combined pathology (DR and AMD) will allow to stabilize, delay the development of severe forms of the disease.

The results of observation of patients who underwent vision eximerlaser correction by the LASEK method regarding medium degree of hyperopia were analyzed.

Purpose: to investigate the severity of the «dry eye» syndrome and corneal subepithelial fibroplasia in patients after laser correction of  hyperopia by the LASEK method, and their prevention by reducing  the preservative action on the eye surface.

Patients and methods. The study included 40 patients (76 eyes), aged 21–46 years (32.98 ± 1.79) who underwent LASEK surgery for  moderate hyperopia (4.03 ± 0.38 D). Patients were divided into two  groups: 1) control group (20 patients, 37 eyes) — postoperative  therapy included the corneoprotector “Stilavit®” and the preparation  of hyaluronic acid “Oksial®”, containing preservatives;  2) the study group (20 patients, 39 eyes) — postoperative therapy  included the corneoprotector “Hilozar-comod®” and the artificial tear  preparation “Hilo-comod®”, which did not contain reservatives. Ophthalmic examination included, in addition to standard diagnostic  methods, the Norn test, the Schirmer test, the staining of the eye  surface with lissamine green. In addition, a questionnaire was  conducted on a modified OSDI questionnaire; there a section  characterizing the quality of vision (section B) was removed.

Results. The analysis of the obtained data showed that in the study group there was less pronounced “dry eye” syndrome at 3,6,12  months after the operation. The maximum difference in the  indicators of the “dry eye” syndrome between the groups was at 3  and 6 months of the postoperative period. When evaluating corneal  subepithelial fibroplasia, maximum attention was paid to the  frequency and the intensity index. It was shown a significant  difference in the intensity of the haze between the study group and the control group by 26.1 % at 3 months, by 62.2 % at 6  months and by 65.3 % 12 months after the operation. 

Conclusion. Nonconservative therapy with sodium hyaluronate and  dexapanthenol in the early postoperative period and only sodium  hydrolurate allows to reduce the severity of the dry eye syndrome  after laser correction of hypermetropia and, as a result, to reduce  the intensity of haze development by 65.3 %, and its frequency on 11,5 %.

Relevance. The ability of antiglaucoma drugs to improve ocular hemoperfusion is an important aspect of their action. Tafluprost is the first prostaglandin analogue (PA) containing no preservatives.  The efficacy and safety of tafluprost, as well as tafluprost/timolol  fixed combination (FC), was demonstrated in randomized multicenter  trials. However, there is no literature on the effect of  tafluprost and it’s FC on peripapillary and macular blood flow.

Purpose. to assess the effect of tafluprost and tafloprost/timolol on the microcirculation in the optic nerve head, peripapillary area and  macula in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG)  according to OCT angiography (OCT-A).

Patients and methods. OCT-A was performed in dynamics with an interval of a week in 36 patients (36 eyes) with a newly diagnosed  initial stage of POAG, 12 received tafluprost, 12 — tafluprost/timolol  FCs, 12 eyes represented control group (no drugs were prescribed).  The change in IOP, mean perfusion pressure (PP) of the eye, and  vessel density (VD) inside the optic nerve head (ONH) (inside disc),  as well as in the peripapillary retina and macula were evaluated by  comparing paired repeated observations using the median growth analysis.

Results. In the tafluprost group there was a decrease in IOP by 19.4 % and an increase in PP by 8.7 % from the reference level. In the  tafluprost/timolol group, these figures were 43 % and 30.1 %,  respectively. OCT-A values did not change reliably, except for VD  inside Disc: in the tafluprost group, the median growth was –2.28 (p = 0.02), for the tafluprost/ timolol group — –1.82 (p = 0.03). These  changes were obtained in 11 patients of 12 in each group under  treatment. In patients who did not receive treatment, all indicators  remained unchanged.

Conclusions. The results of this study showed a decrease in the density of the microcirculatory bed in the ONH in patients with initial  glaucoma against the background of the tafluprost and  tafluprost/timolol treatment, which can be explained by the  restoration of autoregulation of the ocular blood flow in conditions of  pronounced hypotensive drugs effect.

Purpose: to analyze the results of the joint eye drops application of 0.09 % solution of bromfenac and 0.1 % solution of dexamethasone and subtenons triamcinolone injection for treatment  and prevention of cystoid macular edema (CME) in patients after phacoemulsification.

Patients and methods: The study included 914 patients (1147 eyes) which held phacoemulsification with IOL implantation. Depending on the postoperative treatment patients randomized into  two groups. Patients of the first group received instillation of eye  drops of antibiotics-fluoroquinolones and 0.1 % dexamethasone.  Patients of the second group were prescribed instillation of eye drops of 0.09 % solution of bromfenac in addition to the treatment. In  each group the patients diagnosed CME after phacoemulsification  were divided into subgroups depending on the presence or absence  of concomitant involution of retinal pathology. In cases of diagnosis of macular edema after phacoemulsification (2nd group of  patients) periocular triamcinolone injections were made.

Results. The efficacy of bromfenac was estimated by the number of  cases of postoperative CME in the compared groups. In patients of  the first group, complications occurred in 3.1 % of cases. In patients  of the second group the number of complications was  significantly lower (1.5 %), including a significant reduction in the  incidence of CME observed in patients without concomitant of  macular pathology (AMD and epiretinal fibrosis). A combination of  steroid and NSAID in the treatment of CME provides the regression  of macular edema in all patients, regardless of the presence of  involution macular pathology. The positive effect of periocular  triamcinolone injections in the treatment of anti-inflammatory eye drops was noted in 8 of 9 cases a month after the first injection.

Purpose: to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the drug Emoxypin administered by the method of endonasal electrophoresis to patients with partial atrophy of the optic nerve (PAON).

Patients and methods. The treatment was conducted in 43 patients, the average age was 53 ± 2 years, with partial optic nerve  atrophy of different etiology. The main group consisted of 22  patients who received Emoxypin by endonasal electrophoresis and a  comparison group of 21 people who received Emoxypin by  parabulbar injections. Each patient underwent ophthalmological  examination, which included: visometry, perimetry, refractometry,  biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, examination of visual performance,  evaluation of the state of bulbar microcirculation (general  conjunctival index — OCI). In addition, electrophysiological studies  of the vision organ carried out: the critical frequency of flicker fusion  (CSFM) and the electrical sensitivity of the eye (EF).

Results. The results of statistical analysis showed the effectiveness of the drug Emoksipin for the treatment of PAON by endonasal  electrophoresis and revealed improvement in visual functions:  widening the field of view to white, red and green colors, reducing  visual fatigue, improving electrophysiological parameters and bulbar microcirculation.

Conclusion. Evaluation of the effectiveness of Emoxypin use by  endonasal electrophoresis with partial optic nerve atrophy of various  etiologies showed a statistically significant positive therapeutic effect (79 %) in the form of restoration of visual functions. With parabulbar injection of this medicine, as well as with endonasal electrophoresis  in 81 %, the field of view was widened from 5° to 25° in various  meridians, the number of relative cattle in the field of vision  decreased, and in both groups, there was an improvement in visual  performance. Among patients who underwent endonasal electrophoresis, no side effects were observed.